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Spatiotemporal Patterns of Land Surface Phenology from 2001 to 2021 in the Agricultural Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China

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  • Baocheng Wei

    (College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
    Provincial Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau’s Climate System, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China)

  • Jing Wei

    (Conservation Center of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Ecological Resources, Ulanqab 012001, China)

  • Xu Jia

    (College of Resources and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Hohhot 010051, China)

  • Zhigang Ye

    (College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
    Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing & Geography Information System (Inner Mongolia), Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China)

  • Shan Yu

    (College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
    Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing & Geography Information System (Inner Mongolia), Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China)

  • Shan Yin

    (College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
    Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing & Geography Information System (Inner Mongolia), Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China)

Abstract

Vegetation phenology is one of the most sensitive indicators to understanding terrestrial ecosystem status and change. However, few studies have been conducted to reveal vegetation phenology variation characteristics over the past two decades, especially under the background of the global warming hiatus since 1998. The agricultural pastoral ecotone of northern China (APENC) is an ideal place to analyze land surface phenology (LSP) variation. Therefore, the spatiotemporal patterns of LSP were quantitatively analyzed at regional, basin and pixel scales based on time-series MODIS NDVI data (2001–2021). Results showed that: (i) The start of the growing season (SOS) occurred in 105–141 Julian days, the end of the growing season (EOS) was between 257 and 281 Julian days and the length of the growing season (LOS) varied from 130 to 172 days. The later SOS was mainly distributed in croplands and typical grassland areas, while the early SOS was observed in forests and sandy vegetation coverage areas. The early EOS occurred in typical grasslands, and the later EOS was concentrated in the southeast boundary. The magnitude of the SOS and LOS fluctuation was less than EOS. (ii) The SOS and EOS exhibited overall insignificant advanced and delayed trends at a rate of −0.09 days·yr −1 and 0.12 days·yr −1 , respectively, and the LOS displayed an insignificant extended trend at a rate of 0.26 days·yr −1 at a regional scale. The trends of phenological metrics were consistent with the APENC in the Yellow River and Haihe River Basins. The shortened trend of LOS occurred due to the delayed SOS and advanced EOS in the Songliao River and Continental Basins. (iii) The SOS variation gradually changed from an advanced trend to a delayed trend from a southwest to northeast direction in cropland and grassland ecosystems, whereas an opposite trend was found for EOS. The LOS exhibited a significant extended trend due to the significant advanced and delayed trend of SOS and EOS at p < 0.01 in forest ecosystems. This work provides a critical reference for the vegetation phenology dynamic research of semi-arid and semi-humid regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Baocheng Wei & Jing Wei & Xu Jia & Zhigang Ye & Shan Yu & Shan Yin, 2023. "Spatiotemporal Patterns of Land Surface Phenology from 2001 to 2021 in the Agricultural Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:5830-:d:1108981
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shilong Piao & Philippe Ciais & Pierre Friedlingstein & Philippe Peylin & Markus Reichstein & Sebastiaan Luyssaert & Hank Margolis & Jingyun Fang & Alan Barr & Anping Chen & Achim Grelle & David Y. Ho, 2008. "Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming," Nature, Nature, vol. 451(7174), pages 49-52, January.
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