IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i7p5677-d1105971.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Geographical Exploration of the Underrepresentation of Ethnic Minority Cyclists in England

Author

Listed:
  • Afua Kokayi

    (Ministry of Justice, London SW1H 9AJ, UK)

  • Shino Shiode

    (Department of Geography, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK)

  • Narushige Shiode

    (Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK)

Abstract

Cycling is encouraged as a means of sustainable urban transport, yet its uptake rate is uneven between different ethnic groups. The ethnic minority population in England is underrepresented as cyclists, but the reasons for this are unclear. Through linear regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), this research investigates the spatial distribution of the propensity to cycling among the ethnic minority population and the white population across England with the aim to identify the contributing factors toward the discrepancy of cycling rates between both groups and how these factors vary geographically. Results from OLS regression suggest that cycle rates are generally affected most by hilliness , the presence of school-age children , and income , with the presence of school-age children affecting the ethnic minority group and hilliness affecting the white group the most. The use of GWR revealed that income generally reduces cycle rates but has a positive impact in London for both groups. The length of cycleways and the length of 20 mph speed limit roads per unit area were statistically insignificant, but their local coefficients in GWR showed strong regional variations for both groups. The study also found that, with the exception of the level of income , ethnic minority cyclists are less sensitive to contributing factors than the white cyclists.

Suggested Citation

  • Afua Kokayi & Shino Shiode & Narushige Shiode, 2023. "Geographical Exploration of the Underrepresentation of Ethnic Minority Cyclists in England," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:5677-:d:1105971
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/7/5677/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/7/5677/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Song, Yena & Preston, John & Ogilvie, David, 2017. "New walking and cycling infrastructure and modal shift in the UK: A quasi-experimental panel study," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 320-333.
    2. Elliot Fishman, 2016. "Cycling as transport," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(1), pages 1-8, January.
    3. Wardman, Mark & Tight, Miles & Page, Matthew, 2007. "Factors influencing the propensity to cycle to work," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 339-350, May.
    4. Aldred, Rachel & Croft, Joseph & Goodman, Anna, 2019. "Impacts of an active travel intervention with a cycling focus in a suburban context: One-year findings from an evaluation of London’s in-progress mini-Hollands programme," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 147-169.
    5. Pucher, John & Buehler, Ralph & Seinen, Mark, 2011. "Bicycling renaissance in North America? An update and re-appraisal of cycling trends and policies," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(6), pages 451-475, July.
    6. Martin, Adam & Morciano, Marcello & Suhrcke, Marc, 2021. "Determinants of bicycle commuting and the effect of bicycle infrastructure investment in London: Evidence from UK census microdata," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Braun, Lindsay M. & Rodriguez, Daniel A. & Gordon-Larsen, Penny, 2019. "Social (in)equity in access to cycling infrastructure: Cross-sectional associations between bike lanes and area-level sociodemographic characteristics in 22 large U.S. cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    2. Kevin B. Caldwell & Robert H. W. Boyer, 2019. "Bicycle commuting in an automobile-dominated city: how individuals become and remain bike commuters in Charlotte, North Carolina," Transportation, Springer, vol. 46(5), pages 1785-1806, October.
    3. Wilson, Adam & Mitra, Raktim, 2020. "Implementing cycling infrastructure in a politicized space: Lessons from Toronto, Canada," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    4. McArthur, David Philip & Hong, Jinhyun, 2019. "Visualising where commuting cyclists travel using crowdsourced data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 233-241.
    5. Scorrano, Mariangela & Danielis, Romeo, 2021. "Active mobility in an Italian city: Mode choice determinants and attitudes before and during the Covid-19 emergency," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    6. Hema S Rayaprolu & Carlos Llorca & Rolf Moeckel, 2020. "Impact of bicycle highways on commuter mode choice: A scenario analysis," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 47(4), pages 662-677, May.
    7. Fishman, Elliot & Washington, Simon & Haworth, Narelle & Watson, Angela, 2015. "Factors influencing bike share membership: An analysis of Melbourne and Brisbane," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 17-30.
    8. Lanzendorf, Martin & Busch-Geertsema, Annika, 2014. "The cycling boom in large German cities—Empirical evidence for successful cycling campaigns," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 26-33.
    9. Caulfield, Brian, 2014. "Re-cycling a city – Examining the growth of cycling in Dublin," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 216-226.
    10. Hallberg, Martin & Rasmussen, Thomas Kjær & Rich, Jeppe, 2021. "Modelling the impact of cycle superhighways and electric bicycles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 397-418.
    11. Paraskevi Karanikola & Thomas Panagopoulos & Stilianos Tampakis & Georgios Tsantopoulos, 2018. "Cycling as a Smart and Green Mode of Transport in Small Touristic Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, January.
    12. Frank, Lawrence D. & Hong, Andy & Ngo, Victor Douglas, 2021. "Build it and they will cycle: Causal evidence from the downtown Vancouver Comox Greenway," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 1-11.
    13. Mahfouz, Hussein & Lovelace, Robin & Arcaute, Elsa, 2023. "A road segment prioritization approach for cycling infrastructure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    14. Márquez, Luis & Soto, Jose J., 2021. "Integrating perceptions of safety and bicycle theft risk in the analysis of cycling infrastructure preferences," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 285-301.
    15. Laird, James & Page, Matthew & Shen, Shujie, 2013. "The value of dedicated cyclist and pedestrian infrastructure on rural roads," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 86-96.
    16. Fernando Fonseca & Paulo Ribeiro & Carolina Neiva, 2023. "A Planning Practice Method to Assess the Potential for Cycling and to Design a Bicycle Network in a Starter Cycling City in Portugal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, March.
    17. Michał Adam Kwiatkowski & Elżbieta Grzelak-Kostulska & Jadwiga Biegańska, 2021. "Could It Be a Bike for Everyone? The Electric Bicycle in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    18. Carroll, James & Brazil, William & Morando, Bruno & Denny, Eleanor, 2020. "What drives the gender-cycling-gap? Census analysis from Ireland," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 95-102.
    19. Álvaro Fernández-Heredia & Sergio Jara-Díaz & Andrés Monzón, 2016. "Modelling bicycle use intention: the role of perceptions," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 1-23, January.
    20. Álvaro Fernández-Heredia & Sergio Jara-Díaz & Andrés Monzón, 2016. "Modelling bicycle use intention: the role of perceptions," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 1-23, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:5677-:d:1105971. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.