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A Nuanced Analysis on Livelihood Resilience of Vietnamese Upland Households: An Intersectional Lens of Ethnicity and Gender

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  • Phuong Thi Tran

    (Centre for Climate Change Study in Central Vietnam, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam
    Faculty of Land Resource and Agricultural Environment, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam)

  • Tan Quang Nguyen

    (International School, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam
    Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8530, Japan)

  • Chuong Van Huynh

    (International School, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam)

  • Ty Huu Pham

    (Faculty of Land Resource and Agricultural Environment, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam)

  • Ulrike Schinkel

    (Infrastructure and Municipal Development, IZES gGmbH, 66115 Saarbrucken, Germany)

Abstract

“How to gauge the resilience of a household’s livelihood?” and “who is resilience for?”; as the world’s volatility increases, especially with unprecedented changes in climate, interest in these questions continues to rise. While many previous conventional attempts to measure resilience at the household level have largely employed the “objective” top-down framework relying mostly on a macro observed socioeconomic dataset, this present work seeks to estimate household resilience through an alternative bottom-up method, called the “subjective” resilience approach. With specific reference to the context of two ethnic Pa Cô and Tà Ôi minorities living in upland areas of Central Vietnam, this study aims to (1) measure household resilience to climate change by scoring five livelihood capitals, financial, human, social, physical, and natural, by applying the Household Livelihood Resilience (HLR) framework; and (2) provide an intersectional lens of ethnicity and gender in relation to the household’s livelihood resilience. To achieve these goals, in addition to two focus group discussions and eleven in-depth interviews, an empirical survey of 236 households was conducted between September to December 2021. Our findings indicated that there are differences in observed livelihood resilience among the ethnic minority groups and, within that, between gender (sex, status) factors. Ethnic women and poor households have a lower resilience than other groups in society due to their lower human capital and limited access to public and financial resources, which are to some degree linked to the difference in the gender division of labor and the cultural norms of patriarch traditions. This study highlights the importance of considering gender and poverty in resilience-building efforts and offers insights for future programs in multi-ethnic developing countries such as Vietnam.

Suggested Citation

  • Phuong Thi Tran & Tan Quang Nguyen & Chuong Van Huynh & Ty Huu Pham & Ulrike Schinkel, 2023. "A Nuanced Analysis on Livelihood Resilience of Vietnamese Upland Households: An Intersectional Lens of Ethnicity and Gender," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3510-:d:1068237
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Van Thanh Tran & Duc-Anh An-Vo & Geoff Cockfield & Shahbaz Mushtaq, 2021. "Assessing Livelihood Vulnerability of Minority Ethnic Groups to Climate Change: A Case Study from the Northwest Mountainous Regions of Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Patricia K. Mogomotsi & Amogelang Sekelemani & Goemeone E. J. Mogomotsi, 2020. "Climate change adaptation strategies of small-scale farmers in Ngamiland East, Botswana," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 159(3), pages 441-460, April.
    3. Quandt, Amy, 2018. "Measuring livelihood resilience: The Household Livelihood Resilience Approach (HLRA)," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 253-263.
    4. Klasen, Stephan & Lechtenfeld, Tobias & Povel, Felix, 2015. "A Feminization of Vulnerability? Female Headship, Poverty, and Vulnerability in Thailand and Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 36-53.
    5. Nani Maiya Sujakhu & Sailesh Ranjitkar & Jun He & Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt & Yufang Su & Jianchu Xu, 2019. "Assessing the Livelihood Vulnerability of Rural Indigenous Households to Climate Changes in Central Nepal, Himalaya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, May.
    6. Vo Hoang Ha & Takeshi Mizunoya & Nguyen Duc Kien & Truong Quang Dung & Le Thanh An & Nguyen Thai Phan & Nguyen Quang Tan & Pham Thi Trieu Tien & Nguyen Cong Dinh, 2022. "Post-flood recovery in the central coastal plain of Vietnam: determinants and policy implications," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 899-929, October.
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