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Effects on Language and Verbal Fluency of a Cognitive Stimulation Program in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Estela Calatayud

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Institute for Health Research Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Ana Belen Subiron-Valera

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Yolanda Marcén-Román

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Carlos Salavera

    (Department of Psychology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Elena Andrade-Gómez

    (Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain)

  • Beatriz Rodríguez-Roca

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Isabel Gómez-Soria

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Institute for Health Research Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

Abstract

The efficacy of cognitive stimulation programs for the elderly is sufficiently documented. However, few studies have addressed the effectiveness of language stimulation programs by cognitive levels in this population. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 308 participants from a primary care center and followed the CONSORT guidelines. A stratified randomization was carried out. The primary variable was the MEC-35, validated Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The secondary outcome variable was set-test, which evaluates verbal fluency in four categories. These tests were assessed for all outcome measures at baseline, at 10 weeks, at 6 months, and 1 year after the intervention. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions of 45 min/week for 10 weeks through mental activation notebooks that comprehensively work on the different cognitive functions. The results show that the comparisons between the control and intervention group turn out to be significant ( p < 0.05) at the three time points. The comprehensive cognitive stimulation program has made it possible to improve the global aspects of cognition, language proficiency, and verbal fluency. To optimize and maintain these results, it is necessary to consider other clinical, functional, psychological, and occupational aspects, as well as related educational aspects, which prevent mild cognitive impairment.

Suggested Citation

  • Estela Calatayud & Ana Belen Subiron-Valera & Yolanda Marcén-Román & Carlos Salavera & Elena Andrade-Gómez & Beatriz Rodríguez-Roca & Isabel Gómez-Soria, 2023. "Effects on Language and Verbal Fluency of a Cognitive Stimulation Program in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:2533-:d:1052413
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vanessa Taler & Brendan T Johns & Michael N Jones & Angela Gutchess, 2020. "A Large-Scale Semantic Analysis of Verbal Fluency Across the Aging Spectrum: Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 75(9), pages 221-230.
    2. Ae-Ri Jung & Dasom Kim & Eun-A Park, 2021. "Cognitive Intervention Using Information and Communication Technology for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-18, November.
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