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A Review of Strategies to Enhance the Water Resistance of Green Wood Adhesives Produced from Sustainable Protein Sources

Author

Listed:
  • Olatunji V. Oni

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA)

  • Michael A. Lawrence

    (Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA)

  • Mark E. Zappi

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
    Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA)

  • William M. Chirdon

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
    Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA)

Abstract

The health risks associated with formaldehyde have propelled relevant stakeholders to push for the production of non-toxic wood adhesives. Several countries including the USA, Japan, and Germany have implemented policies mandating manufacturers to reduce the emissions of formaldehyde to lower levels. Protein adhesives stand out due to their sustainability, renewable sources, and biodegradability. However, they are limited by poor wet strength and water resistance, which affect their wide acceptability in the marketplace. Researchers have developed multiple strategies to mitigate these issues to advance protein adhesives so they may compete more favorably with their petroleum-based counterparts. This review paper explores these strategies including cross-linking, modified fillers, and the removal of hydrophilic content while providing insights into the methodological approaches utilized in recent literature with a comparison of the resultant protein adhesives.

Suggested Citation

  • Olatunji V. Oni & Michael A. Lawrence & Mark E. Zappi & William M. Chirdon, 2023. "A Review of Strategies to Enhance the Water Resistance of Green Wood Adhesives Produced from Sustainable Protein Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:20:p:14779-:d:1258021
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Haeshin Lee & Bruce P. Lee & Phillip B. Messersmith, 2007. "A reversible wet/dry adhesive inspired by mussels and geckos," Nature, Nature, vol. 448(7151), pages 338-341, July.
    2. Mark E. Zappi & Alex Zappi & Emmanuel Revellame & Wayne Sharp & Dhan Lord Fortela & Rafael Hernandez & Terrence Chambers & Kary Ritter & Daniel Gang, 2020. "An Assessment of the Potential to Produce Commercially Valuable Lipids on Highway Right-of-Way Land Areas Located Within the Southeastern United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-38, June.
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