Study on the Evolution of Tailings Dam Break Disaster under Complex Environment

In response to the challenges posed by rapid development, the wide-ranging disaster impact, and the untimely warning of debris flow resulting from tailing dam failure, it is of great significance to study the mechanism of dam failure as well as the evolution law and affected area of debris flow for effective disaster prediction and risk assessment. We developed a 1:150 physical model for testing tailing dam failure and combined it with RAMMS (V1.7.0) debris flow software to investigate the mechanisms of tailing dam failure and the evolutionary patterns of rock flows in complex environments. Through the analysis and comparison of experimental data, we comprehensively summarized the consequences of disaster risk resulting from dam failure. The results show that the grain size distribution of the model sand should be moderate; the composition of the particle size distribution has a significant impact on the collapse morphology of the dam after failure. The saturation line is the lifeline for the stability of the wake reservoir, and its level determines the degree of saturation of the wake in the reservoir. The breach was at the midpoint of the crest of the dam. The inflow volume at the time of the breach was 0.313 m 3 . According to the flow ratio relationship, the inflow volume at breach occurrence was equivalent to 1.78 times the total amount of a 1000-year flood and 1.19 times the total amount of a probable maximum flood (PMF). Analysis of the surface flow field revealed that the region with the highest flow velocity extended from the toe of the dam to Shangdi village; the impact on the village of Shizhou was limited to the backflow of the dam break and the gradual sedimentation of the tailings.