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A Review of Rubberised Asphalt for Flexible Pavement Applications: Production, Content, Performance, Motivations and Future Directions

Author

Listed:
  • Munder Bilema

    (Centre for Transportation Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Choon Wah Yuen

    (Centre for Transportation Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Mohammad Alharthai

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia)

  • Zaid Hazim Al-Saffar

    (Building and Construction Engineering Department, Engineering Technical College of Mosul, Northern Technical University, Mosul 41002, Iraq)

  • Abdulnaser Al-Sabaeei

    (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Nur Izzi Md Yusoff

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

The crumb rubber (CR) recycled from waste tyres could be a viable alternative in achieving green pavements that offer exciting new markets to global investors. Adding CR into flexible pavements enhances their performance and ensures environmental sustainability. This paper will discuss the production variables, CR sizes and contents, blending techniques, optimum bitumen contents, morphology, standard characteristics, rheological characteristics, mechanical performance, greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and life cycle cost. This review study found that compared to traditional asphalt mixtures, the CR-modified asphalts had superior performance and longer service life. However, the dearth of information on several factors in CR asphalt production, including greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and life cycle cost during recycling, causes many agencies in the global asphalt industry to continue employing costly, energy-consuming additives such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) instead of CR to enhance asphalt.

Suggested Citation

  • Munder Bilema & Choon Wah Yuen & Mohammad Alharthai & Zaid Hazim Al-Saffar & Abdulnaser Al-Sabaeei & Nur Izzi Md Yusoff, 2023. "A Review of Rubberised Asphalt for Flexible Pavement Applications: Production, Content, Performance, Motivations and Future Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:19:p:14481-:d:1253651
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Muhammad Imran Khan & Muslich Hartadi Sutanto & Sri Sunarjono & Shah Room & Nur Izzi Md Yusoff, 2019. "Effect of Crumb Rubber, Epolene (EE-2), and Date Palm Ash as Modifiers on the Performance of Binders and Mixtures: A Sustainable Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-13, November.
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