IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i13p10501-d1186224.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Board Gender Diversity and Banks Profitability for Business Viability: Evidence from Serbia

Author

Listed:
  • Stefan Milojević

    (Audit, Accounting, Financial and Consulting Service Company “Moodys Standards” Ltd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Marko Milašinović

    (Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka Banja, University of Kragujevac, 36210 Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia)

  • Aleksandra Mitrović

    (Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka Banja, University of Kragujevac, 36210 Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia)

  • Jasmina Ognjanović

    (Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka Banja, University of Kragujevac, 36210 Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia)

  • Jelena Raičević

    (Toplica Academy Professional Studies—Department of Business Studies Blace, 18420 Blace, Serbia)

  • Nebojša Zdravković

    (Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia)

  • Snežana Knežević

    (Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Malči Grivec

    (Faculty of Economics and Informatics, University of Novo Mesto, 8000 Novo Mesto, Slovenia)

Abstract

As an important topic in the field of corporate governance, the influence of the board of directors’ characteristics on the profitability of corporations is examined here. This paper examines the influence of the board of directors’ and chief executive officers’ (CEO) characteristics on the profitability of banks in Serbia. In this study, the characteristics of boards of directors were examined in terms of size and the participation of women, and the characteristics of CEOs were examined similarly in terms of women’s participation. The research was conducted on a sample of 23 commercial banks from Serbia in the period from 2017 to 2021. Profitability was measured by the rate of return on operating assets (ROA) and the rate of return on equity (ROE). The results of the panel regression analysis indicate that the size of the board of directors had a positive impact on bank profitability during the COVID-19 pandemic period, while this impact was not statistically significant before the pandemic. The participation of women on the board of directors did not have a statistically significant impact on bank profitability before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been found that the participation of women as CEOs had a negative impact on bank profitability before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Milojević & Marko Milašinović & Aleksandra Mitrović & Jasmina Ognjanović & Jelena Raičević & Nebojša Zdravković & Snežana Knežević & Malči Grivec, 2023. "Board Gender Diversity and Banks Profitability for Business Viability: Evidence from Serbia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10501-:d:1186224
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/13/10501/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/13/10501/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alem Gebremedhin Berhe, 2023. "Board structure and bank performance: Evidence from Ethiopia," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 2163559-216, December.
    2. Aebi, Vincent & Sabato, Gabriele & Schmid, Markus, 2012. "Risk management, corporate governance, and bank performance in the financial crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3213-3226.
    3. Adams, Renée B. & Ferreira, Daniel, 2009. "Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(2), pages 291-309, November.
    4. Jennifer L Wang & Vivian Jeng & Jin Lung Peng, 2007. "The Impact of Corporate Governance Structure on the Efficiency Performance of Insurance Companies in Taiwan," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 32(2), pages 264-282, April.
    5. Omer Saeed Habtoor, 2022. "Board Attributes and Bank Performance in Light of Saudi Corporate Governance Regulations," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-27, September.
    6. Rohail Hassan & Maran Marimuthu, 2016. "Corporate Governance, Board Diversity, and Firm Value: Examining Large Companies Using Panel Data Approach," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 36(3), pages 1737-1750.
    7. Panagiotis Staikouras & Christos Staikouras & Maria-Eleni Agoraki, 2007. "The effect of board size and composition on European bank performance," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 1-27, February.
    8. Tukur Garba & Bilkisu Aliyu Abubakar, 2014. "Corporate Board Diversity and Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Nigeria: An Application of Panel Data Approach," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 4(2), pages 257-277.
    9. Jasna Gačić & Stefan Milojević & Snežana Knežević & Miljan Adamović, 2023. "Financial Literacy of Managers in Serbian Health Care Organizations as a Path to Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-26, April.
    10. Shams Pathan & Michael Skully & J. Wickramanayake, 2007. "Board Size, Independence and Performance: An Analysis of Thai Banks," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 14(3), pages 211-227, September.
    11. Agrawal, Anup & Knoeber, Charles R, 2001. "Do Some Outside Directors Play a Political Role?," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 44(1), pages 179-198, April.
    12. Adams, Renée B. & Mehran, Hamid, 2012. "Bank board structure and performance: Evidence for large bank holding companies," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 243-267.
    13. Chengpeng Zhu & Muhammad Husnain & Saif Ullah & Muhammad Tasnim Khan & Waris Ali, 2022. "Gender Diversity and Firms’ Sustainable Performance: Moderating Role of CEO Duality in Emerging Equity Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-26, June.
    14. Bosiljka Srebro & Bojan Mavrenski & Vesna Bogojević Arsić & Snežana Knežević & Marko Milašinović & Jovan Travica, 2021. "Bankruptcy Risk Prediction in Ensuring the Sustainable Operation of Agriculture Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-17, July.
    15. Liang, Qi & Xu, Pisun & Jiraporn, Pornsit, 2013. "Board characteristics and Chinese bank performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 2953-2968.
    16. Ali Shariff Kabara & Dewi Fariha Abdullah & Saleh F. A. Khatib & Ayman Hassan Bazhair & Hamzeh Al Amosh, 2023. "Moderating Role of Governance Regulatory Compliance on Board Diversity and Voluntary Disclosure of Non-Financial Firms in a Developing Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, March.
    17. YIHUN, Wondimeneh Asrat & KOLECH, Abiy Getahun & TOLE, Million Gizaw, 2019. "The Impact Of Corporate Governance Mechanisms On The Performance Of Commercial Banks: The Case Of Private Banks In Ethiopia," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 23(1), pages 6-24, March.
    18. Nikolić Jelena & Nielsen Jelena Erić & Peković Jelena, 2022. "Board Structure and Bank Performance: The Mediating Role of Intellectual Capital," Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy, Sciendo, vol. 68(2), pages 28-42, June.
    19. Georgeta Vintilă & Mihaela Onofrei & Ştefan Cristian Gherghina, 2015. "The Effects of Corporate Board and CEO Characteristics on Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Listed Companies on the Bucharest Stock Exchange," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(6), pages 1244-1260, November.
    20. Kent Baker, H. & Pandey, Nitesh & Kumar, Satish & Haldar, Arunima, 2020. "A bibliometric analysis of board diversity: Current status, development, and future research directions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 232-246.
    21. Collins Ntim, 2015. "Board diversity and organizational valuation: unravelling the effects of ethnicity and gender," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 19(1), pages 167-195, February.
    22. Jensen, Michael C, 1986. "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(2), pages 323-329, May.
    23. Doan, Trang & Iskandar-Datta, Mai, 2020. "Are female top executives more risk-averse or more ethical? Evidence from corporate cash holdings policy," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 161-176.
    24. Friedrich Glauner, 2016. "Future Viability, Business Models, and Values," CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, Springer, number 978-3-319-34030-2.
    25. Hani El-Chaarani & Rebecca Abraham & Yahya Skaf, 2022. "The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance of the Banking Sector in the MENA (Middle Eastern and North African) Region: An Immunity Test of Banks for COVID-19," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, February.
    26. Christian Fuchs, 2008. "The implications of new information and communication technologies for sustainability," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 291-309, June.
    27. Shimin Chen & Xu Ni & Jamie Y. Tong, 2016. "Gender Diversity in the Boardroom and Risk Management: A Case of R&D Investment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 136(3), pages 599-621, July.
    28. Tukur Garba PhD & Bilkisu Aliyu Abubakar, 2014. "Corporate Board Diversity and Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Nigeria: An Application of Panel Data Approach," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 4(2), pages 257-277, February.
    29. Victoria Bogdan & Dorina-Nicoleta Popa & Mărioara Beleneşi & Luminița Rus & Carmen-Mihaela Scorțe, 2023. "Gender Diversity and Business Performance Nexus: A Synoptic Panorama Based on Bibliometric Network Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-26, January.
    30. Pathan, Shams & Faff, Robert, 2013. "Does board structure in banks really affect their performance?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1573-1589.
    31. Sultan Sikandar Mirza & Muhammad Ansar Majeed & Tanveer Ahsan, 2020. "Board gender diversity, competitive pressure and investment efficiency in Chinese private firms," Post-Print hal-02956320, HAL.
    32. Sultan Sikandar Mirza & Muhammad Ansar Majeed & Tanveer Ahsan, 2020. "Board gender diversity, competitive pressure and investment efficiency in Chinese private firms," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(3), pages 417-440, September.
    33. Philip Hardwick & Mike Adams & Hong Zou, 2011. "Board Characteristics and Profit Efficiency in the United Kingdom Life Insurance Industry," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(7-8), pages 987-1015, September.
    34. Fan, Yaoyao & Jiang, Yuxiang & Zhang, Xuezhi & Zhou, Yue, 2019. "Women on boards and bank earnings management: From zero to hero," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 1-1.
    35. He Zhao & Qin Heng Zhao & Beata Ślusarczyk, 2019. "Sustainability and Digitalization of Corporate Management Based on Augmented/Virtual Reality Tools Usage: China and Other World IT Companies’ Experience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-17, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bowo Setiyono & Amine Tarazi, 2018. "Does Diversity of Bank Board Members Affect Performance and Risk? Evidence from an Emerging Market," CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, in: Belén Díaz Díaz & Samuel O. Idowu & Philip Molyneux (ed.), Corporate Governance in Banking and Investor Protection, chapter 0, pages 185-218, Springer.
    2. Bhatia, Madhur & Gulati, Rachita, 2021. "Board governance and bank performance: A meta- analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    3. Catarina Fernandes & Jorge Farinha & Francisco Vitorino Martins & Cesario Mateus, 2018. "Bank governance and performance: a survey of the literature," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 236-256, July.
    4. Huang, Yichu & Fang, Feifei & Fan, Yaoyao & Ly, Kim Cuong, 2024. "Do ‘Lehman Sisters’ work in China? Women on boards and bank risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    5. Alharbi, Rana & Elnahass, Marwa & McLaren, Josie, 2022. "Women directors and market valuation: What are the “Wonder Woman” attributes in banking?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    6. Catarina Fernandes & Jorge Farinha & Francisco Vitorino Martins & Cesario Mateus, 2017. "Supervisory boards, financial crisis and bank performance: do board characteristics matter?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(4), pages 310-337, November.
    7. Ramiz ur Rehman & Junrui Zhang & Muhammad Akram Naseem & Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmed & Rizwan Ali, 2021. "Board independence and Chinese banking efficiency: a moderating role of ownership restructuring," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(3), pages 517-536, September.
    8. Dong, Yizhe & Girardone, Claudia & Kuo, Jing-Ming, 2017. "Governance, efficiency and risk taking in Chinese banking," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 211-229.
    9. María Consuelo Pucheta-Martínez & Inmaculada Bel-Oms & Gustau Olcina-Sempere, 2018. "Female Institutional Directors on Boards and Firm Value," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 152(2), pages 343-363, October.
    10. Muhammad Haris & Hongxing Yao & Gulzara Tariq & Hafiz Mustansar Javaid & Qurat Ul Ain, 2019. "Corporate Governance, Political Connections, and Bank Performance," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-37, October.
    11. Emmanuel Mamatzakis & Theodora Bermpei, 2015. "The Effect of Corporate Governance on the Performance of US Investment Banks," Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(2-3), pages 191-239, May.
    12. Zuriawati Zakaria & Noorfaiz Purhanudin & Ahmad Nazri Wahidudin, 2018. "The Role of Board Governance On Bank Performance," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 7(4), pages 38-50, October.
    13. Zhou, Yifan & Kara, Alper & Molyneux, Philip, 2019. "Chair-CEO generation gap and bank risk-taking," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 352-372.
    14. Pant, Abhay & Nidugala, Ganesh Kumar, 2022. "Board characteristics and efficiency of value added by banks: Evidence from an emerging economy," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    15. Liu, Guoping & Sun, Jerry, 2021. "Independent directors’ legal expertise, bank risk-taking and performance," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1).
    16. Mavrakana, Christina & Psillaki, Maria, 2019. "Do board structure and compensation matter for bank stability and bank performance? Evidence from European banks," MPRA Paper 95776, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Bennouri, Moez & Chtioui, Tawhid & Nagati, Haithem & Nekhili, Mehdi, 2018. "Female board directorship and firm performance: What really matters?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 267-291.
    18. Hamid Mohsin Jadah & Logasvathi A/P Murugiah & Azira Binti Abdul Adzis, 2016. "The Effect of Board Characteristics on Iraqi Banks Performance," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 6(4), pages 205-214, October.
    19. Owen, Ann L. & Temesvary, Judit, 2018. "The performance effects of gender diversity on bank boards," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 50-63.
    20. Laura Baselga-Pascual & Antonio Trujillo-Ponce & Emilia Vähämaa & Sami Vähämaa, 2018. "Ethical Reputation of Financial Institutions: Do Board Characteristics Matter?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 148(3), pages 489-510, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10501-:d:1186224. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.