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Two-Level Full Factorial Design Approach for the Analysis of Multi-Lane Highway Section under Saturated and Unsaturated Traffic Flow Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Hamad Almujibah

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Afaq Khattak

    (College of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Highway, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Saleh Alotaibi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering—Rabigh Branch, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Raed Alahmadi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha P.O.Box 1988, Saudi Arabia)

  • Adil Elhassan

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Architecture Design, College of Architecture and Planning, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), P.O. Box 407, Khartoum 11111, Sudan)

  • Abdullah Alshahri

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Caroline Mongina Matara

    (Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Haile Sellasie Avenue, Nairobi P.O. Box 52428-00200, Kenya
    Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, University of Nairobi, Harry Thuku Road, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya)

Abstract

Oversaturation of highways occurs due to their inadequate assessment and design. In this paper, we propose both a mathematical queuing model and a Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) framework based on Newell’s triangular flow-density relationship for the performance analysis of a multi-lane highway section. The proposed framework is a finite capacity queuing system, which captures an increase in the flow with the vehicle density up to the capacity of the section in an unsaturated condition and a decrease in the flow in the case of a saturated condition, depicting the actual traffic conditions on the highway section. First, the Birth–Death Process is used to build the mathematical queuing model (BDP), and the average number of vehicles (average queue length) and blocking probability on the highway section are estimated. Then, the accuracy of the mathematical queuing model is verified by the proposed DES framework. The “significance and effects” of different design factors are evaluated using the two-level full factorial design technique. The analysis of the experimental results reveals that the length of the highway section and the number of lanes are the most significant factors affecting the average queue length and blocking probability, while the jam density only has a significant effect on the average queue length and does not affect the blocking probability. In case of a two-way interaction, the combined effect of the “length-lanes” significantly affects the average queue length. In the end, a multiple-factor linear regression model is also developed for the prediction of the average number of vehicles on the highway section based on the design factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamad Almujibah & Afaq Khattak & Saleh Alotaibi & Raed Alahmadi & Adil Elhassan & Abdullah Alshahri & Caroline Mongina Matara, 2023. "Two-Level Full Factorial Design Approach for the Analysis of Multi-Lane Highway Section under Saturated and Unsaturated Traffic Flow Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9194-:d:1165341
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Newell, G. F., 1993. "A simplified theory of kinematic waves in highway traffic, part III: Multi-destination flows," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 305-313, August.
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    3. Newell, G. F., 1993. "A simplified theory of kinematic waves in highway traffic, part II: Queueing at freeway bottlenecks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 289-303, August.
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    6. Newell, G. F., 1993. "A simplified theory of kinematic waves in highway traffic, part I: General theory," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 281-287, August.
    7. G. F. Newell, 1961. "Nonlinear Effects in the Dynamics of Car Following," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 9(2), pages 209-229, April.
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