IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i9p5512-d808413.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluation of Water Level in Flowing Channels Using Ultrasonic Sensors

Author

Listed:
  • Tatiane Souza Rodrigues Pereira

    (Post-Graduate Student of the Environmental Sciences Program (PPGCIAMB)—UFG, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil)

  • Thiago Pires de Carvalho

    (Post-Graduate Student of the Environmental Sciences Program (PPGCIAMB)—UFG, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil)

  • Thiago Augusto Mendes

    (Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Goias—IFG, Aparecida de Goiânia 74968-755, Brazil)

  • Klebber Teodomiro Martins Formiga

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (EECA)—UFG, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil)

Abstract

Monitoring flow in channels is difficult, expensive, and potentially dangerous; hence, alternatives minimizing these factors are sought and indirect methods to measure the flow based on water-level information, among others, are employed. Ultrasonic sensors along with Arduino are widely used to monitor levels in reservoirs; however, the accuracy of this method in turbulent flow regimes has not been evaluated. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the level of open channel flows using a combination of Arduino and ultrasonic sensors whilst considering turbulence. Additionally, we statistically compared the simultaneous measurements of levels obtained using five ultrasonic sensors with those of five rulers filmed individually along an artificial channel, for four permanent and two transient regimes. The results showed that the errors in measurements increased with increasing turbulence. These errors were within the range of hydraulic measurements (<0.020 m), indicating that the procedure is valid for experienced conditions. Therefore, the combination of Arduino and ultrasonic sensors is a technically and economically viable alternative. However, calibrating and validating the sensors for distances greater than 0.400 m should be performed with care because the bench tests performed in static conditions were limitedly accurate in measuring distances greater than 0.200 m.

Suggested Citation

  • Tatiane Souza Rodrigues Pereira & Thiago Pires de Carvalho & Thiago Augusto Mendes & Klebber Teodomiro Martins Formiga, 2022. "Evaluation of Water Level in Flowing Channels Using Ultrasonic Sensors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5512-:d:808413
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5512/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5512/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rajesh Singh & Mohammed Baz & Anita Gehlot & Mamoon Rashid & Manpreet Khurana & Shaik Vaseem Akram & Sultan S. Alshamrani & Ahmed Saeed AlGhamdi, 2021. "Water Quality Monitoring and Management of Building Water Tank Using Industrial Internet of Things," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-26, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hao-Che Ho & Hong-Yuan Lee & Yao-Jung Tsai & Yuan-Shun Chang, 2022. "Numerical Experiments on Low Impact Development for Urban Resilience Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-19, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    steady flow; transient flow; Arduino; HC-SR04 sensor;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5512-:d:808413. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.