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Properties of Cold-Bonded and Sintered Aggregate Using Washing Aggregate Sludge and Their Incorporation in Concrete: A Promising Material

Author

Listed:
  • Hakan Özkan

    (Oyak Cement Concrete Paper Group/Cimpor Serviços SA, 1099-020 Lisbon, Portugal
    Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey)

  • Nihat Kabay

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey)

  • Nausad Miyan

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany)

Abstract

The aggregate makes up about 65–75% of the total volume of concrete and the use of artificial aggregates manufactured from waste and by-product materials, as an alternative to natural aggregate, has attracted considerable research interest. Washing aggregate sludge (WAS) is obtained as a waste during the process of washing the aggregates, which is disposed or used as landfill. The utilization of WAS as a major component to manufacture artificial aggregates remains unexplored. Therefore, the focus has been directed towards the production of cold-bonded and sintered aggregates using WAS and their incorporation in concrete. The fresh pellets were manufactured using WAS, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and kept in the laboratory conditions at 20 ± 2 °C and 95 ± 5% relative humidity to obtain cold-bonded aggregates, whereas WAS and GGBFS were utilized to manufacture sintered aggregate by heating the fresh pellets up to 1150 °C. The manufactured aggregate properties were characterized through physical, mechanical, chemical, and microstructural analysis. Concrete specimens were also produced by introducing the artificial aggregates in replacement with the coarse aggregate. The results showed that the concrete containing artificial aggregates can be produced with lower oven-dry density and comparable mechanical properties to efficiently utilize WAS.

Suggested Citation

  • Hakan Özkan & Nihat Kabay & Nausad Miyan, 2022. "Properties of Cold-Bonded and Sintered Aggregate Using Washing Aggregate Sludge and Their Incorporation in Concrete: A Promising Material," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:4205-:d:785252
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dan Georgescu & Radu Vacareanu & Alexandru Aldea & Adelina Apostu & Cristian Arion & Andrei Girboveanu, 2022. "Assessment of the Sustainability of Concrete by Ensuring Performance during Structure Service Life," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-18, January.
    2. González-Corrochano, B. & Alonso-Azcárate, J. & Rodas, M., 2009. "Characterization of lightweight aggregates manufactured from washing aggregate sludge and fly ash," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 53(10), pages 571-581.
    3. Antonio José Tenza-Abril & Patricia Compañ-Rosique & Rosana Satorre-Cuerda & Afonso Miguel Solak & Daniel Gavotti Freschi, 2021. "Smartphone Application for Determining the Segregation Index of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-12, November.
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