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The Impacts of Energy Use, Tourism and Foreign Workers on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Arifur Rahman Atiqur Rahman

    (Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Shahidan Shaari

    (Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia
    Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia)

  • Faiz Masnan

    (Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia)

  • Miguel Angel Esquivias

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia)

Abstract

Previous studies have investigated various determinants of CO 2 emissions, such as energy use, economic expansion and population growth. However, foreign workers have not been treated as a potential determinant. Therefore, this research embarks on an investigation into the impacts of energy use, foreign workers and tourist arrivals on CO 2 emissions in Malaysia from 1982 to 2018. An ARDL approach was employed, and the findings showed that natural gas and electricity use insignificantly influence CO 2 emissions. Tourist arrivals, coal use and oil use were found to positively influence CO 2 emissions, while foreign workers and population growth insignificantly influence CO 2 emissions. It was found that in the early stages of development, higher GDP negatively influences CO 2 emissions, but in the final stages, higher GDP positively influences CO 2 emissions. These findings are important for formulating policies to reduce environmental degradation stemming from higher CO 2 emissions. Malaysia should use more renewable energy sources, and a carbon tax could be imposed to reduce environmental degradation.

Suggested Citation

  • Arifur Rahman Atiqur Rahman & Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Faiz Masnan & Miguel Angel Esquivias, 2022. "The Impacts of Energy Use, Tourism and Foreign Workers on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2461-:d:754621
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Miguel Angel Esquivias & Lilik Sugiharti & Hilda Rohmawati & Omar Rojas & Narayan Sethi, 2022. "Nexus between Technological Innovation, Renewable Energy, and Human Capital on the Environmental Sustainability in Emerging Asian Economies: A Panel Quantile Regression Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-16, March.
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