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Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content

Author

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  • Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

    (Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan)

  • Rana Zain Raza

    (Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan)

  • Mohsin Zafar

    (Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan)

  • Omar M. Ali

    (Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Raees Ahmed

    (Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan)

  • Junaid Rahim

    (Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan)

  • Raina Ijaz

    (Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan)

  • Zahoor Ahmad

    (Department of Botany, Punjab Group of Colleges, University Campus Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan)

  • Brandon J. Bethune

    (Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

Abstract

For ensuring food security and imparting sustainability to modern commercial-oriented and highly intensive temperate farming systems, organic wastes from poultry and dairy industries constitute biologically viable strategy to improve crops productivity under changing climate. A field trial was undertaken to appraise the impact of broiler litter (BL = 5 tons ha −1 ), farm yard slurry (FYS = 10 tons ha −1 ), and chemical fertilizers including di-ammonium phosphate (DAP = 60 kg ha −1 ) and single super phosphate (SSP = 60 kg ha −1 ) applied solely and in conjunction with each other, along with a control treatment (NM). The synergistic fertilization regime encompassing BL+DAP triggered the vegetative growth of soybean as indicated by taller plants having thicker stems and higher leaf area per plant compared to NM. In addition, this fertilization management system improved reproductive yield attributes including pods number and 100-seeds weight which maximized the seed yield, harvest index, seed oil content, and biological yield by 66%, 5%, 31%, and 23% respectively than NM. Moreover, this fertilizers combination was followed by SSP + BL, while BL performed better than FYS and DAP remained superior to SSP. Furthermore, the correlation analyses indicated moderately stronger direct association of seed yield with vegetative growth traits and highly stronger linear relationship with reproductive yield attributes. Thus, co-application of broiler litter (5 tons ha −1 ) with reduced doses of DAP (60 kg ha −1 ) might be recommended to temperate soybean growers having access to poultry wastes.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Aamir Iqbal & Rana Zain Raza & Mohsin Zafar & Omar M. Ali & Raees Ahmed & Junaid Rahim & Raina Ijaz & Zahoor Ahmad & Brandon J. Bethune, 2022. "Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2433-:d:754048
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chumki Banik & Jacek A. Koziel & Darcy Bonds & Asheesh K. Singh & Mark A. Licht, 2021. "Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake—A Greenhouse Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, April.
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    1. Mahran Sadiq & Nasir Rahim & Muhammad Aamir Iqbal & Mashael Daghash Alqahtani & Majid Mahmood Tahir & Afshan Majeed & Raees Ahmed, 2023. "Rhizobia Inoculation Supplemented with Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Root Nodulation, Productivity, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil and Black Gram ( Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.

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