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Green Densities: Accessible Green Spaces in Highly Dense Urban Regions—A Comparison of Berlin and Qingdao

Author

Listed:
  • Olaf Mumm

    (SpACE Lab at ISU—Institute for Sustainable Urbanism, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany)

  • Ryan Zeringue

    (SpACE Lab at ISU—Institute for Sustainable Urbanism, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany)

  • Nannan Dong

    (College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Siping Rd. 1239, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Vanessa Miriam Carlow

    (SpACE Lab at ISU—Institute for Sustainable Urbanism, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany)

Abstract

Recreational green spaces are associated with human thriving and well-being. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic a spotlight has been shed on the interconnection between access to these spaces, human well-being and social equity. Containment measures enacted in many cities effectively precluded people from reaching distant recreational areas during the pandemic and consequently, recreational areas close to home became particularly important. Urban density is often associated with building or population density with the assumption that if either parameter has a high value, the availability of open (green) space is low. Certain densities are associated with specific spatial qualities. Addressing challenges of sustainable development, a detailed evaluation of density is necessary to allow evidence-based arguments, planning and decision-making. In this study we develop a multi-scale analysis method for quantifying and assessing green infrastructures from settlement unit to building level to reach a differentiated view on density, arguing that density can be organized in different ways achieving very different qualities. For this purpose, we use geospatial-data analysis and in-depth neighborhood studies to compare two cities in Asia and Europe, revealing different ways of organizing density in the built environment and identifying a derivation of approaches for sustainable development in dense urban regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Olaf Mumm & Ryan Zeringue & Nannan Dong & Vanessa Miriam Carlow, 2022. "Green Densities: Accessible Green Spaces in Highly Dense Urban Regions—A Comparison of Berlin and Qingdao," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:1690-:d:740389
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Venter, Zander & Barton, David & gundersen, vegard & Figari, Helene & Nowell, Megan, 2020. "Urban nature in a time of crisis: recreational use of green space increases during the COVID-19 outbreak in Oslo, Norway," SocArXiv kbdum, Center for Open Science.
    2. Erica N. Spotswood & Matthew Benjamin & Lauren Stoneburner & Megan M. Wheeler & Erin E. Beller & Deborah Balk & Timon McPhearson & Ming Kuo & Robert I. McDonald, 2021. "Nature inequity and higher COVID-19 case rates in less-green neighbourhoods in the United States," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 4(12), pages 1092-1098, December.
    3. Weisbuch, Gérard, 2021. "Urban exodus and the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 569(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Sari Suomalainen & Outi Tahvonen & Helena Kahiluoto, 2022. "From Participation to Involvement in Urban Open Space Management and Maintenance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.

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