IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i24p16737-d1002638.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Oxidation Ditches for Recycling and Reusing Wastewater Are Critical for Long-Term Sustainability—A Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Saad M. Alramthi

    (Department of Educational Leadership, College of Education, University of Bishah, P.O. Box 67714, Bishah 67714, Saudi Arabia)

  • Gamila H. Ali

    (Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt)

  • Atiah M. Elthagafi

    (Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Bishah Office, Aseer Region, P.O. Box 47, Bishah 61922, Saudi Arabia)

  • Saad H. Eldosari

    (Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Bishah Office, Aseer Region, P.O. Box 47, Bishah 61922, Saudi Arabia)

  • Bao-Ku Zhu

    (Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Hosam M. Safaa

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bishah, P.O. Box 551, Bishah 61922, Saudi Arabia
    Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt)

Abstract

Because the cost of operation and maintenance is lower than those of chemical treatments, the aerobic biological oxidation method used to treat wastewater is very effective. An oxidation ditch can be classified as progressive aeration-activated sludge capable of removing organic pollutants and also nitrogen and phosphorus. The overall goal of this research is to analyse influent, effluent, and operating data over a seven-year period (2014–2020) to better understand process performance, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest potential improvements for the operating efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Bishah Governorate, which works with oxidation ditch technology. An examination of historical influent, effluent, and operational data shows that the Bishah WWTP has consistently met the national and international guidelines for wastewater reuse in restricted and unrestricted irrigation. The effluent ratio of the biodegradable organic material (BOD 5 )/chemical oxygen demand (COD) values ranged from 0.3 to 0.51 with an average of 0.41. Significant Pearson correlation coefficients (bivariate) between physico-chemicals merit, especially in total coliforms form, BOD 5 and ammonia. It could be concluded that the operational performance of a wastewater treatment plant with an oxidation ditch in Bishah is working well according to national and international standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Saad M. Alramthi & Gamila H. Ali & Atiah M. Elthagafi & Saad H. Eldosari & Bao-Ku Zhu & Hosam M. Safaa, 2022. "Oxidation Ditches for Recycling and Reusing Wastewater Are Critical for Long-Term Sustainability—A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-14, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16737-:d:1002638
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16737/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16737/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. S. Revollar & R. Vilanova & P. Vega & M. Francisco & M. Meneses, 2020. "Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation: Simple Control Schemes with a Holistic Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-28, January.
    2. Hesham K. Fazel & Sayeda M. Abdo & Atiah Althaqafi & Saad H. Eldosari & Bao-Ku Zhu & Hosam M. Safaa, 2022. "View of Saudi Arabia Strategy for Water Resources Management at Bishah, Aseer Southern Region Water Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-12, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aisha Aziz & Kashif Akram & Muhammad Abrar ul Haq & Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar & Mustafa Raza Rabbani, 2022. "Examining the Role of Clean Drinking Water Plants in Mitigating Drinking Water-Induced Morbidity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, August.
    2. Rosa M. Llácer-Iglesias & P. Amparo López-Jiménez & Modesto Pérez-Sánchez, 2021. "Energy Self-Sufficiency Aiming for Sustainable Wastewater Systems: Are All Options Being Explored?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Irena Tušer & Alena Oulehlová, 2021. "Risk Assessment and Sustainability of Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, May.
    4. David Palma-Heredia & Manel Poch & Miquel À. Cugueró-Escofet, 2020. "Implementation of a Decision Support System for Sewage Sludge Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-18, October.
    5. Abdul Gaffar Sheik & Eagalapati Tejaswini & Murali Mohan Seepana & Seshagiri Rao Ambati & Montse Meneses & Ramon Vilanova, 2021. "Design of Feedback Control Strategies in a Plant-Wide Wastewater Treatment Plant for Simultaneous Evaluation of Economics, Energy Usage, and Removal of Nutrients," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.
    6. Paulina Szulc & Jędrzej Kasprzak & Zbysław Dymaczewski & Przemysław Kurczewski, 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Processes Regarding Energy Production from the Sludge Line," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-29, January.
    7. Tamás Karches, 2022. "Fine-Tuning the Aeration Control for Energy-Efficient Operation in a Small Sewage Treatment Plant by Applying Biokinetic Modeling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-13, August.
    8. Bárbara de Matos & Rodrigo Salles & Jérôme Mendes & Joana R. Gouveia & António J. Baptista & Pedro Moura, 2022. "A Review of Energy and Sustainability KPI-Based Monitoring and Control Methodologies on WWTPs," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    9. Kate Anderson & James Grymes & Alexandra Newman & Adam Warren, 2023. "North Carolina Water Utility Builds Resilience with Distributed Energy Resources," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 53(4), pages 247-265, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16737-:d:1002638. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.