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Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Assessment in the Thamirabarani River Stretch by Applying GIS and PCA Techniques

Author

Listed:
  • Esakkimuthu Tharmar

    (Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India)

  • Marykutty Abraham

    (Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India)

  • Ramaiah Prakash

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi 630004, India)

  • Akila Sundaram

    (Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India)

  • Erick Saavedra Flores

    (Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Ecuador, Victor Jara 3659, Santiago 9170124, Chile)

  • Cristian Canales

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering (DIM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 219, Concepcion 4070409, Chile)

  • Mohammad Ayaz Alam

    (Carrera de Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 220, Edificio R4, Santiago 8370134, Chile
    Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó 1531772, Chile
    Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes (CEGA), Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago 8370450, Chile)

Abstract

The primary objective of this research is to assess the hydrogeochemical features and water quality of the Thamirabarani river stretch, located in southern India. Thirty-five water samples from the Thamirabarani river stretch were obtained from the districts of Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi. Twelve water quality parameters were measured during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods of 2020 and 2021. The analytical results were verified with BIS and WHO standards to evaluate the water for drinking purposes. A Geographic Information system (GIS) was applied to know the spatial variation of the hydrogeochemical properties over the research area. Moreover, the Water Quality Index was calculated and it was revealed that 15% of the water samples used are outstanding, 35% are fit for potable use, 25% are poor, 15% water are very poor, and 10% unfit for consumption. Principal Component analysis (PCA) was performed to find out the dominant factors and their variance coverage for the overall water quality. The PCA results indicate that a water sample in Zone 1 is known for its alkalinity. The water qualities in Zone 2 and Zone 3 were affected by anthropogenic factors and industry wastes. More sea water intrusion was observed in Zone 4 in the water quality of the Thamirabarani river basin.

Suggested Citation

  • Esakkimuthu Tharmar & Marykutty Abraham & Ramaiah Prakash & Akila Sundaram & Erick Saavedra Flores & Cristian Canales & Mohammad Ayaz Alam, 2022. "Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Assessment in the Thamirabarani River Stretch by Applying GIS and PCA Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16368-:d:996326
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Samara Soares & Joel Vasco & Paulo Scalize, 2023. "Water Quality Simulation in the Bois River, Goiás, Central Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.

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