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Side Effects of Wind Energy: Review of Three Topics—Status and Open Questions

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  • André D. Thess

    (Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center DLR, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
    Chair of Energy Storage, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Philipp Lengsfeld

    (re:look climate gGmbH, Prenzlauer Allee 186, 10405 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

Wind energy is considered a pillar of the low-carbon energy system of the future. Whereas the side effects and social costs of fossil energy sources (coal, oil and gas), as well as those of nuclear energy, are well-documented and quantified, understanding of the analogous questions with respect to wind energy is far less advanced. However, such understanding is crucial in order to minimize the influence of wind energy on the environment and to compare its social costs with those of conventional energy sources. Here, we summarize the state of knowledge of three side effects of wind energy that have not been convincingly evaluated to date. We focus our analysis on three topics, namely (1) the impact of wind energy on insects; (2) the impact of wind energy on the spatiotemporal distribution of air velocity, temperature, moisture and precipitation in the vicinity of wind parks; and (3) the impact of wind energy on humans through noise emission. For each topic, we formulate open research questions that should be addressed by responsible policy incentives in order to comprehensively assess the social costs of wind energy and to develop wind farms with minimal impact on their environment.

Suggested Citation

  • André D. Thess & Philipp Lengsfeld, 2022. "Side Effects of Wind Energy: Review of Three Topics—Status and Open Questions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:16186-:d:993107
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    References listed on IDEAS

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