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Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Environment during Summer in Coastal Open Space and Research on Evaluating the Cooling Effect: A Case Study of May Fourth Square, Qingdao

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  • Ying Zhang

    (Department of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
    Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China
    College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China)

  • Xijun Hu

    (Department of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
    Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China)

  • Xilun Cao

    (Scientific and Technological Commission, China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100120, China)

  • Zheng Liu

    (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China)

Abstract

Urban green space is considered an important part of urban ecological construction be-cause of the efficiency of green space in reducing ambient temperature. It was previously reported that the quantity and layout of arbors and paving are very important factors for cooling. To research the combination mode of the quantity and layout of arbors and paving able to effectively lower the temperature during the summer in a coastal open space environment where little architecture exists, we built a numerical model of heat transfer using ENVI–met numerical modeling simulation, for which the May Fourth Square in Qingdao was selected. The results showed that the ratio coverage of the arbor layer and pavement fragmentation were positively correlated with the cooling effect. We found that setting the passageway conformed to the sea breeze by arbors and close planting at the air outlet effectively reduced the site temperature. After optimizing the site’s greening layout, the cooling effect over the process of time decreased in the height direction. At the same time, the cooling effect increased before 15:00 and then reduced gradually in the time dimension. Compared to the original site, the total cooling efficiency reached 1.41 × 108 J, equaling electric energy of about 39.2 kW·h. This research solves the issue of the synergy between planting and pavement for cooling coastal open spaces in summer and provides a basis to formulate a promotion strategy for landscape design areas with similar geographical and climatic conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ying Zhang & Xijun Hu & Xilun Cao & Zheng Liu, 2022. "Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Environment during Summer in Coastal Open Space and Research on Evaluating the Cooling Effect: A Case Study of May Fourth Square, Qingdao," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:22:p:15126-:d:973640
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jamei, Elmira & Rajagopalan, Priyadarsini & Seyedmahmoudian, Mohammadmehdi & Jamei, Yashar, 2016. "Review on the impact of urban geometry and pedestrian level greening on outdoor thermal comfort," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1002-1017.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ying Zhang & Xijun Hu & Zheng Liu & Chunling Zhou & Hong Liang, 2022. "A Greening Strategy of Mitigation of the Thermal Environment for Coastal Sloping Urban Space," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-22, December.

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