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Sustainable Multipath Routing for Improving Cross-Layer Performance in MANET Using an Energy Centric Tunicate Swarm Algorithm

Author

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  • M. N. Sudha

    (Department of Information Technology, Government College of Engineering, Erode 638316, India)

  • Velan Balamurugan

    (Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India)

  • Wen-Cheng Lai

    (Bachelor Program in Industrial Projects, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 640301, Taiwan
    Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 640301, Taiwan)

  • Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari

    (Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560064, India)

Abstract

Generally, battery power is a valuable resource for mobile devices in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Therefore, energy efficiency and network lifetime should be taken into account when developing control strategies. However, designing an energy-efficient routing mechanism necessitates consideration of many nodes from many layers, such as remaining energy, overall traffic load, and channel assumptions. The traditional layered strategy is unsuccessful in dealing with power-related issues that might affect all layers of the stack. In this paper, the Energy Centric Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (ECTSA) is proposed to perform the cross-layer routing over MANET. The fitness metrics considered in the ECTSA to improve the cross-layer routing are residual energy, communication cost, Data Success Rate (DSR), and mobility. Additionally, an Adaptive Competition Window (ACW) adjustment is used for minimizing the energy consumption caused by the contentions. The performance of the proposed ECTSA is analyzed by means of energy consumption, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-to-End Delay (EED), and routing overhead. Next, the existing techniques, namely, CEELBRP and EECRP-PSO, are used to evaluate the efficiency of the ECTSA method. The energy consumption of the ECTSA is 7.1 joules and prolongs the network lifetime up to 1603 s for 50 nodes, which is better when compared to the existing CEELBRP and EECRP-PSO techniques.

Suggested Citation

  • M. N. Sudha & Velan Balamurugan & Wen-Cheng Lai & Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari, 2022. "Sustainable Multipath Routing for Improving Cross-Layer Performance in MANET Using an Energy Centric Tunicate Swarm Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:13925-:d:954033
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Prabu Subramani & Sugadev Mani & Wen-Cheng Lai & Dineshkumar Ramamurthy, 2022. "Sustainable Energy Management and Control for Variable Load Conditions Using Improved Mayfly Optimization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-22, May.
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