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Biological-Based Produced Water Treatment Using Microalgae: Challenges and Efficiency

Author

Listed:
  • Malak Alsarayreh

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Fares Almomani

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Majeda Khraisheh

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Mustafa S. Nasser

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
    Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Yousria Soliman

    (Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

Abstract

Produced water (PW) is the most significant waste stream generated in the oil and gas industries. The generated PW has the potential to be a useful water source rather than waste. While a variety of technologies can be used for the treatment of PW for reuse, biological-based technologies are an effective and sustainable remediation method. Specifically, microalgae, which are a cost-effective and sustainable process that use nutrients to eliminate organic pollutants from PW during the bioremediation process. In these treatment processes, microalgae grow in PW free of charge, eliminate pollutants, and generate clean water that can be recycled and reused. This helps to reduce CO 2 levels in the atmosphere while simultaneously producing biofuels, other useful chemicals, and added-value products. As such, this review focuses on PW generation in the oil and gas industry, PW characteristics, and examines the available technologies that can be used for PW remediation, with specific attention to algal-based technologies. In addition, the various aspects of algae growth and cultivation in PW, the effect of growth conditions, water quality parameters, and the corresponding treatment performance are presented. Lastly, this review emphasizes the bioremediation of PW using algae and highlights how to harvest algae that can be processed to generate biofuels for added-value products as a sustainable approach.

Suggested Citation

  • Malak Alsarayreh & Fares Almomani & Majeda Khraisheh & Mustafa S. Nasser & Yousria Soliman, 2022. "Biological-Based Produced Water Treatment Using Microalgae: Challenges and Efficiency," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-32, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:499-:d:717119
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    Cited by:

    1. Parsy, A. & Monlau, F. & Guyoneaud, R. & Sambusiti, C., 2024. "Nutrient recovery in effluents from the energy sectors for microalgae and cyanobacteria biomass production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).

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