IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i13p7658-d846048.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance Assessment of Natural Wastewater Treatment Plants by Multivariate Statistical Models: A Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Mahmoud Gad

    (Environmental Parasitology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt)

  • Sayeda M. Abdo

    (Hydrobiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt)

  • Anyi Hu

    (CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China)

  • Mohamed Azab El-Liethy

    (Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt)

  • Mohamed S. Hellal

    (Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt)

  • Hala S. Doma

    (Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt)

  • Gamila H. Ali

    (Hydrobiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt)

Abstract

Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) as natural wastewater treatment plants are commonly utilized for wastewater treatment due to their simple design, low cost, and low-skilled operator requirements. Large-scale studies assessing the performance of WSPs using multivariate statistical models are scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the performance of 16 full-scale WSPs regarding physicochemical parameters, algae, bacterial indicators, and pathogens (e.g., Cryptosporidium , Entamoeba histolytica ) by using multivariate statistical models. The principal component analysis revealed that the chemical pollutants were removed significantly ( p < 0.001) through the treatment stages of 16 WSPs, indicating that the treatment stages made a substantial change in the environmental parameters. The non-multidimensional scale analysis revealed that the treatment stages restructured the bacterial indicators significantly ( p < 0.001) in the WSPs, implying that the bacterial indicators were removed with the progress of the treatment processes. The algal community exhibited a distinct pattern between the geographical location (i.e., upper WSPs versus lower WSPs) and different treatment stages ( p < 0.001). Four out of the sixteen WSPs did not comply with the Egyptian ministerial decree 48/1982 for discharge in agriculture drainage; three of these stations are in lower Egypt (M.K., Al-Adlia, and Ezbet El-Borg), and one is in upper Egypt (Armant). The continuous monitoring of WSPs for compliance with regulatory guidelines with the aid of multivariate statistical models should be routinely performed.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahmoud Gad & Sayeda M. Abdo & Anyi Hu & Mohamed Azab El-Liethy & Mohamed S. Hellal & Hala S. Doma & Gamila H. Ali, 2022. "Performance Assessment of Natural Wastewater Treatment Plants by Multivariate Statistical Models: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:7658-:d:846048
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/7658/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/7658/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Oyati E. N & Olotu Yahaya & Gimba I.N & Ibrahim Rasheed, 2020. "Design of a Wastewater Treatment Oxidation Pond," Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 7(1), pages 55-60.
    2. Joshua N. Edokpayi & John O. Odiyo & Oluwaseun E. Popoola & Titus A. M. Msagati, 2016. "Assessment of Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Mvudi River, South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-13, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rofhiwa T. Madilonga & Joshua N. Edokpayi & Elijah T. Volenzo & Olatunde S. Durowoju & John O. Odiyo, 2021. "Water Quality Assessment and Evaluation of Human Health Risk in Mutangwi River, Limpopo Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Natalia Junakova & Jozef Junak, 2017. "Sustainable Use of Reservoir Sediment through Partial Application in Building Material," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Samuel Che Nde & Manny Mathuthu, 2018. "Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements as Non-Point Sources of Contamination in the Upper Crocodile Catchment Area, North-West Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-12, March.
    4. Linton F. Munyai & Tatenda Dalu, 2023. "Aquatic Macrophytes Metal and Nutrient Concentration Variations, with Implication for Phytoremediation Potential in a Subtropical River System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-12, October.
    5. Oluwatobi Owojori & Joshua N. Edokpayi & Ratshalingwa Mulaudzi & John O. Odiyo, 2020. "Characterisation, Recovery and Recycling Potential of Solid Waste in a University of a Developing Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.
    6. Wendy Tatiana González Cano & Kyoungrean Kim, 2022. "How to Achieve Sustainably Beneficial Uses of Marine Sediments in Colombia?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-13, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:7658-:d:846048. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.