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Revealing the Chemical Profiles of Airborne Particulate Matter Sources in Lake Baikal Area: A Combination of Three Techniques

Author

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  • Mikhail Y. Semenov

    (Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St. 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia)

  • Irina I. Marinaite

    (Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St. 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia)

  • Liudmila P. Golobokova

    (Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St. 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia)

  • Yuri M. Semenov

    (V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia)

  • Tamara V. Khodzher

    (Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St. 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia)

Abstract

Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is a widely used multivariate source apportionment technique. However, PMF-derived source profiles are never compared to real ones because of the absence of data on the chemical composition of source emissions. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of PMF-derived source profiles using the diagnostic ratios (DR) method and end-member mixing analysis (EMMA). The composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter (PM) sampled in the air above Lake Baikal in summer and the composition of inorganic elements (IE) in PM accumulated in Lake Baikal snowpack were used as study objects. Five PAH sources and five IE sources were identified using PMF. Eight PAHs and six IEs selected from PMF-derived source profiles were recognized as eligible for calculating the DRs (species 1/(species 1 + species 2)) suitable for testing PMF results using EMMA. EMMA was based on determining whether most samples in mixing diagrams that use DR values as coordinates of source points could be bound by a geometrical shape whose vertices are pollution sources. It was found that the four PAH sources and four IE sources obtained using PMF were also identified using EMMA. Thus, the validity of the most of PMF-derived source profiles was proved.

Suggested Citation

  • Mikhail Y. Semenov & Irina I. Marinaite & Liudmila P. Golobokova & Yuri M. Semenov & Tamara V. Khodzher, 2022. "Revealing the Chemical Profiles of Airborne Particulate Matter Sources in Lake Baikal Area: A Combination of Three Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:6170-:d:819005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mikhail Yu. Semenov & Anton V. Silaev & Yuri M. Semenov & Larisa A. Begunova, 2020. "Using Si, Al and Fe as Tracers for Source Apportionment of Air Pollutants in Lake Baikal Snowpack," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-17, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mikhail Y. Semenov & Anton V. Silaev & Yuri M. Semenov & Larisa A. Begunova & Yuri M. Semenov, 2022. "Identifying and Characterizing Critical Source Areas of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Urban Agglomeration in Lake Baikal Watershed," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.

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    1. Mikhail Y. Semenov & Anton V. Silaev & Yuri M. Semenov & Larisa A. Begunova & Yuri M. Semenov, 2022. "Identifying and Characterizing Critical Source Areas of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Urban Agglomeration in Lake Baikal Watershed," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
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    3. Mikhail Y. Semenov & Yuri M. Semenov & Anton V. Silaev & Larisa A. Begunova, 2021. "Source Apportionment of Inorganic Solutes in Surface Waters of Lake Baikal Watershed," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, May.

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