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Determinants of Inclusive Growth in the Context of the Theory of Sustainable Finance in the European Union Countries

Author

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  • Joanna Stawska

    (Department of Central Banking and Financial Intermediation, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland)

  • Małgorzata Jabłońska

    (Department of SME Finance and Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of the article is to identify a degree of inclusive growth and to examine the influence of determinants of inclusive growth in the European Union (EU-27) countries, with particular emphasis on factors related to the influence of governments and central banks. The study took advantage of the weight correlation method, which was used to build an inclusive growth measure for the EU-27 for the years 2000, 2008, and 2020. For the construction of the inclusive growth rate, 42 factors were selected that affect inclusive growth in the economic, financial, and non-wage area. These determinants are found in the area of the influence of economic authorities, and mainly in the area of authorities responsible for conducting monetary and fiscal policy and general governance. On the basis of the built-up indicator of inclusive growth, it was noticed that among the 27 EU countries in the studied three years, only four countries distinguished themselves with the highest inclusive growth over the last 21 years, these are: Denmark, Luxembourg, Sweden, and Finland. On the other hand, invariably, three countries recorded the lowest inclusive growth, i.e., Bulgaria, Croatia, and Romania. The added value of the structure of the inclusive growth indicator was a possibility to observe which of the three areas: economic, financial, or non-wage, had a significant impact on the position of a given country in the compiled inclusive growth ranking.

Suggested Citation

  • Joanna Stawska & Małgorzata Jabłońska, 2021. "Determinants of Inclusive Growth in the Context of the Theory of Sustainable Finance in the European Union Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-40, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:100-:d:709012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Economic Forum, 2017. "The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017," Working Papers id:11638, eSocialSciences.
    2. Commission on Growth and Development, 2008. "The Growth Report : Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6507.
    3. Mihaela Onofrei & Anca Gavriluţă (Vatamanu) & Ionel Bostan & Florin Oprea & Gigel Paraschiv & Cristina Mihaela Lazăr, 2020. "The Implication of Fiscal Principles and Rules on Promoting Sustainable Public Finances in the EU Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wasiu Adamson, Temitope & Adebayo Ajisafe, Rufus & Omobolanle Yussuff, Rukayat, 2022. "Inclusive Growth In Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Sectoral Foreign Aid Matter?," Ilorin Journal of Economic Policy, Department of Economics, University of Ilorin, vol. 9(2), pages 97-128, June.
    2. Emeka NKORO, Aham & Kelvin UKO, 2023. "Foreign Direct Investment And Inclusive Growth: The Role Of The Financial Sector Development In Nigeria, 1981-2020," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 23(1), pages 77-100.
    3. Emeka Nkoro & Aham Kelvin Uko, 2022. "Foreign Direct Investment and Inclusive Growth: The Role of the Financial Sector Development," International Journal of Economic Sciences, European Research Center, vol. 11(2), pages 144-162, November.

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