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Chromium Stress in Plants: Toxicity, Tolerance and Phytoremediation

Author

Listed:
  • Dipali Srivastava

    (Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Madhu Tiwari

    (Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Prasanna Dutta

    (Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
    Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India)

  • Puja Singh

    (Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
    Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India)

  • Khushboo Chawda

    (Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
    Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India)

  • Monica Kumari

    (Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
    Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India)

  • Debasis Chakrabarty

    (Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
    Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India)

Abstract

Extensive industrial activities resulted in an increase in chromium (Cr) contamination in the environment. The toxicity of Cr severely affects plant growth and development. Cr is also recognized as a human carcinogen that enters the human body via inhalation or by consuming Cr-contaminated food products. Taking consideration of Cr enrichment in the environment and its toxic effects, US Environmental Protection Agency and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry listed Cr as a priority pollutant. In nature, Cr exists in various valence states, including Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(VI) is the most toxic and persistent form in soil. Plants uptake Cr through various transporters such as phosphate and sulfate transporters. Cr exerts its effect by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hampering various metabolic and physiological pathways. Studies on genetic and transcriptional regulation of plants have shown the various detoxification genes get up-regulated and confer tolerance in plants under Cr stress. In recent years, the ability of the plant to withstand Cr toxicity by accumulating Cr inside the plant has been recognized as one of the promising bioremediation methods for the Cr contaminated region. This review summarized the Cr occurrence and toxicity in plants, role of detoxification genes in Cr stress response, and various plants utilized for phytoremediation in Cr-contaminated regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Dipali Srivastava & Madhu Tiwari & Prasanna Dutta & Puja Singh & Khushboo Chawda & Monica Kumari & Debasis Chakrabarty, 2021. "Chromium Stress in Plants: Toxicity, Tolerance and Phytoremediation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4629-:d:540592
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Xiuxian Fu & Sajid Mehmood & Waqas Ahmed & Wenjie Ou & Penghui Suo & Qinwen Zhang & Xiuhao Fu & Zhongyi Sun & Weidong Li, 2023. "Reducing Chromium Toxicity in Chinese Cabbage through Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Selenium: A Study of Plant Growth, Chromium Content, and Biochemical Parameters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Andrea Lazo & Pamela Lazo & Alejandra Urtubia & María Gabriela Lobos & Henrik K. Hansen & Claudia Gutiérrez, 2022. "An Assessment of the Metal Removal Capability of Endemic Chilean Species," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Shuang Cai & Bao Liu & Junguo Li & Yuzhu Zhang & Yanan Zeng & Yajun Wang & Tianji Liu, 2022. "Biochemical Analysis and Toxicity Assessment of Utilization of Argon Oxygen Decarbonization Slag as a Mineral Fertilizer for Tall Fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb) Planting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-12, July.

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