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Using Recycled Material from the Paper Industry as a Backfill Material for Retaining Walls near Railway Lines

Author

Listed:
  • Karmen Fifer Bizjak

    (Department of Geotechnics and Traffic Infrastructure, Slovenian Building and Civil Engineering Institute, ZAG, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Barbara Likar

    (Department of Geotechnics and Traffic Infrastructure, Slovenian Building and Civil Engineering Institute, ZAG, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Stanislav Lenart

    (Department of Geotechnics and Traffic Infrastructure, Slovenian Building and Civil Engineering Institute, ZAG, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

Abstract

The construction industry uses a large amount of natural virgin material for different geotechnical structures. In Europe alone, 11 million tonnes of solid waste is generated per year as a result of the production of almost 100 million tonnes of paper. The objective of this research is to develop a new geotechnical composite from residues of the deinking paper industry and to present its practical application, e.g., as a backfill material behind a retaining structure. After different mixtures were tested in a laboratory, the technology was validated by building a pilot retaining wall structure in a landslide region near a railway line. It was confirmed that a composite with 30% deinking sludge and 70% deinking sludge ash had a high enough strength but experienced some deformations before failure. Special attention was paid to the impact of transport, which, due to the time lag between the mixing and installation of the composite, significantly reduced its strength. The pilot retaining wall structure promotes the use of recycled materials with a sustainable design, while adhering to government-mandated measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Karmen Fifer Bizjak & Barbara Likar & Stanislav Lenart, 2021. "Using Recycled Material from the Paper Industry as a Backfill Material for Retaining Walls near Railway Lines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:979-:d:483020
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Magdalena Gabriel & Josef-Peter Schöggl & Alfred Posch, 2017. "Early Front-End Innovation Decisions for Self-Organized Industrial Symbiosis Dynamics—A Case Study on Lignin Utilization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Manfredi Saeli & Luciano Senff & David Maria Tobaldi & Giada La Scalia & Maria Paula Seabra & João Antonio Labrincha, 2019. "Innovative Recycling of Lime Slaker Grits from Paper-Pulp Industry Reused as Aggregate in Ambient Cured Biomass Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers for Sustainable Construction Material," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sunkuk Kim, 2021. "Technology and Management for Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-3, August.
    2. Amaia Sopelana & Asier Oleaga & Juan José Cepriá & Karmen Fifer Bizjak & Helena Paiva & Francisco-Javier Rios-Davila & Adriana H. Martinez & Antonio Cañas, 2023. "Enhancing Circular Business Model Implementation in Pulp and Paper Industry (PPI): A Phase-Based Implementation Guide to Waste Valorisation Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-21, December.

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