IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i21p12172-d671995.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Physical Activity and Well-Being during the Second COVID19-Related Lockdown in Germany in 2021

Author

Listed:
  • Eszter Füzéki

    (Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
    Contributed equally.)

  • Jan Schröder

    (Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, Institute for Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
    Contributed equally.)

  • Rüdiger Reer

    (Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty for Psychology and Human Movement Science, Institute for Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148 Hamburg, Germany)

  • David A. Groneberg

    (Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

  • Winfried Banzer

    (Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

Abstract

In the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, lockdown measures were reinstalled and were in place between November 2020 and April 2021, including the closure of physical activity facilities. The aim of the current online survey was to assess the lockdown effects on physical activity and well-being in the general population. Pre-lockdown vs. lockdown differences were tested with the Χ 2 test and the Student’s t-test for paired data. Predictor variables to explain compliance with physical activity recommendations were identified using a fixed-effects binary logistic regression analysis. Data of 993 respondents were analyzed. Transport-related and leisure-time physical activity decreased ( p < 0.001, d = 0.25, and p < 0.001, d = 0.33, respectively). Compliance with physical activity recommendations decreased from 42.2% to 29.4% (chi 2 (1, 1986) = 35.335, p < 0.001, V = 0.13). Well-being decreased significantly (t (990) = 23.405, p < 0.001) by 16.3 points (d = 0.74). Physical activity and well-being declined in German adults during the second COVID-19-related lockdown. Physical activity should be promoted also in light of the emerging evidence on its protective effects against COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Eszter Füzéki & Jan Schröder & Rüdiger Reer & David A. Groneberg & Winfried Banzer, 2021. "Physical Activity and Well-Being during the Second COVID19-Related Lockdown in Germany in 2021," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:12172-:d:671995
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12172/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12172/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hipp, Lena & Bünning, Mareike & Munnes, Stefan & Sauermann, Armin, 2020. "Problems and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions in COVID-19 studies," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 14(2), pages 109-1145.
    2. Eszter Füzéki & Jan Schröder & David A. Groneberg & Winfried Banzer, 2021. "Physical Activity and Its Related Factors during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-12, May.
    3. Mata, Jutta & Wenz, Alexander & Rettig, Tobias & Reifenscheid, Maximiliane & Möhring, Katja & Krieger, Ulrich & Friedel, Sabine & Fikel, Marina & Cornesse, Carina & Blom, Annelies G. & Naumann, Elias, 2021. "Health behaviors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal population-based survey in Germany," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Argang Ghadiri & David-Lennart Sturz & Hadjar Mohajerzad, 2022. "Associations between Health Education and Mental Health, Burnout, and Work Engagement by Application of Audiovisual Stimulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Patrick Wilms & Jan Schröder & Rüdiger Reer & Lorenz Scheit, 2022. "The Impact of “Home Office” Work on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-24, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Markus Wettstein & Hans-Werner Wahl & Anna Schlomann, 2022. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trajectories of Well-Being of Middle-Aged and older Adults: A Multidimensional and Multidirectional Perspective," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(7), pages 3577-3604, October.
    2. Bünning, Mareike & Hipp, Lena, 2021. "Geschlechterungleichheiten im Arbeitsleben und subjektiven Wohlbefinden von Erwerbstätigen während der COVID-19-Pandemie," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 70(5/6), pages 293-315.
    3. Clariano Pires de Oliveira Neto & Rossana Santiago de Sousa Azulay & Ana Gregória Ferreira Pereira de Almeida & Maria da Glória Rodrigues Tavares & Luciana Helena Gama Vaz & Ianik Rafaela Lima Leal & , 2022. "Differences in Puberty of Girls before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Li, Jianghong & Bünning, Mareike & Kaiser, Till & Hipp, Lena, 2022. "Who suffered most? Parental stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany [Wer leidet am stärksten? Erziehungsstress und psychische Belastungen bei Eltern während der COVID-19 Pa," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 34(1), pages 281-309.
    5. Elisa Di Giorgio & Roberta Polli & Marco Lunghi & Alessandra Murgia, 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Italian Lockdown on the Physiological and Psychological Well-Being of Children with Fragile X Syndrome and Their Families," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-9, May.
    6. Katharina Dost & Fabian Heinrich & Wiebke Graf & Anna Brennecke & Veronika Kowalski & Anna Leider & Anika Kraus & Victoria van Rüth & Benjamin Ondruschka & Klaus Püschel & Hans-Helmut König & Franzisk, 2022. "Predictors of Loneliness among Homeless Individuals in Germany during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-11, October.
    7. Patrick Wilms & Jan Schröder & Rüdiger Reer & Lorenz Scheit, 2022. "The Impact of “Home Office” Work on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-24, September.
    8. Tiia Kekäläinen & Enni-Maria Hietavala & Matti Hakamäki & Sarianna Sipilä & Eija K. Laakkonen & Katja Kokko, 2021. "Personality Traits and Changes in Health Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis from Pre-pandemic to Onset and End of the Initial Emergency Conditions ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-14, July.
    9. Heejung Chung & Hyojin Seo & Holly Birkett & Sarah Forbes, 2022. "Working from Home and the Division of Childcare and Housework among Dual-Earner Parents during the Pandemic in the UK," Merits, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-23, October.
    10. Lorenzo Viselli & Federico Salfi & Aurora D’Atri & Giulia Amicucci & Michele Ferrara, 2021. "Sleep Quality, Insomnia Symptoms, and Depressive Symptomatology among Italian University Students before and during the Covid-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Francesca Gallè & Elita Anna Sabella & Paolo Roma & Stefano Ferracuti & Giovanna Da Molin & Giusy Diella & Maria Teresa Montagna & Giovanni Battista Orsi & Giorgio Liguori & Christian Napoli, 2021. "Knowledge and Lifestyle Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Pandemic in People over 65 Years Old from Southern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-11, October.
    12. Schlomann, Anna & Bünning, Mareike & Hipp, Lena & Wahl, Hans-Werner, 2021. "Aging during COVID-19 in Germany: a longitudinal analysis of psychosocial adaptation," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue Online Fi, pages 1-1.
    13. Brugiavini, Agar & Di Novi, Cinzia & Orso, Cristina Elisa, 2022. "Visiting parents in times of COVID-19: The impact of parent-adult child contacts on the psychological health of the elderly," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    14. Brigitte Lueger-Schuster & Irina Zrnić Novaković & Annett Lotzin, 2022. "Two Years of COVID-19 in Austria—Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Mental Health Outcomes and Coping Behaviors in the General Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-18, July.
    15. Zhong, Meirui & Qiang, Dan & Wang, Jinxian & Sun, Weizeng, 2024. "Improving health and reducing health inequality: An innovation of digitalization?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    16. Thomas Meixner & Alan R. Berkowitz & Alisen E. Downey & Jose Pillich & Reese LeVea & Brianne K. Smith & Mark Chandler & Neha Gupta & Stan Rullman & Anna Woodroof & Jennifer Cherrier, 2021. "Rapid Assessment and Long-Term Monitoring of Green Stormwater Infrastructure with Citizen Scientists," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    17. Junus, Alvin & Kwan, Ching & Wong, Clifford & Chen, Zhansheng & YIP, Paul Siu Fai, 2023. "Shifts in patterns of help-seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Hong Kong's younger generation," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    18. Hipp, Lena & Bünning, Mareike, 2021. "Parenthood as a driver of increased gender inequality during COVID-19? Exploratory evidence from Germany," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 23(S1), pages 658-673.
    19. Maria Gabriella Melchiorre & Barbara D’Amen & Sabrina Quattrini & Giovanni Lamura & Marco Socci, 2022. "Health Emergencies, Falls, and Use of Communication Technologies by Older People with Functional and Social Frailty: Ageing in Place in Deprived Areas of Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-23, November.
    20. Eszter Füzéki & Jan Schröder & David A. Groneberg & Winfried Banzer, 2021. "Online Exercise Classes during the COVID-19 Related Lockdown in Germany: Use and Attitudes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-14, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:12172-:d:671995. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.