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Post-Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Immobilised Green Microalgae Chlorococcum oleofaciens

Author

Listed:
  • Kah Aik Tan

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Japareng Lalung

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Norhashimah Morad

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Norli Ismail

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Wan Maznah Wan Omar

    (School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Moonis Ali Khan

    (Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mika Sillanpää

    (Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Mohd Rafatullah

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

Abstract

Microalgae immobilisation can be a long-term solution for effective wastewater post-treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of immobilised Chlorococcum oleofaciens to remove contaminants from palm oil mill effluent (POME) until it complies with the POME discharge standard. First, the native dominating green microalga was isolated from a polishing POME treatment pond. Then, the microalgae cells were immobilised on sodium alginate beads and cultivated in a lab-scale-treated POME to treat it further. The immobilised microalgae cells demonstrated a high removal of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and soluble chemical oxygen demand with 90.43%, 93.51%, 91.26%, and 50.72% of reduction, respectively. Furthermore, the growth rate of the microalgae fitted nicely with the Verhulst logistical model with r 2 of more than 0.99, indicating the model’s suitability in modelling the growth. Thus, we concluded that the species can be used for post-treatment of effluents to remove TP, TN, and ammonia nitrogen from palm oil mills until it complies with the POME effluent discharge standard. However, during the process, degradation of the beads occurred and the COD value increased. Therefore, it is not suitable to be used for COD removal.

Suggested Citation

  • Kah Aik Tan & Japareng Lalung & Norhashimah Morad & Norli Ismail & Wan Maznah Wan Omar & Moonis Ali Khan & Mika Sillanpää & Mohd Rafatullah, 2021. "Post-Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Immobilised Green Microalgae Chlorococcum oleofaciens," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11562-:d:660479
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Florian Delrue & Pablo David Álvarez-Díaz & Sophie Fon-Sing & Gatien Fleury & Jean-François Sassi, 2016. "The Environmental Biorefinery: Using Microalgae to Remediate Wastewater, a Win-Win Paradigm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Ahmad, Ashfaq & Buang, Azizul & Bhat, A.H., 2016. "Renewable and sustainable bioenergy production from microalgal co-cultivation with palm oil mill effluent (POME): A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 214-234.
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