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Decomposition of Water Footprint of Food Consumption in Typical East Chinese Cities

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  • Ruogu Huang

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China)

  • Xiangyang Li

    (Pearl River Water Resource Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, 80 Tianshou Road, Guangzhou 510611, China)

  • Yang Liu

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China)

  • Yaohao Tang

    (School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Jianyi Lin

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China)

Abstract

Water scarcity has put pressure on city development in China. With a particular focus on urban and rural effects, logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition (LMDI) was used to analyze the water footprint per capita (WFP) of food consumption in five East China cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Qingdao, and Xiamen) from 2008 to 2018. Results show that the WFP of food consumption exhibited an upward tendency among all cities during the research period. Food consumption structure contributed the most to the WFP growth, mainly due to urban and rural residents’ diet shift toward a livestock-rich style. Except in Beijing, the food consumption level mainly inhibited the WFP growth due to the decrease in food consumption level per capita in urban areas. Urbanization had less influence on WFP growth for two megacities (Beijing and Shanghai) due to the strictly controlled urban population inflow policy and more positive effects for other cities. The water footprint intensity effect among cities was mainly due to uneven water-saving efficiency. Meanwhile, Beijing and Tianjin have achieved advancement in water utilization efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruogu Huang & Xiangyang Li & Yang Liu & Yaohao Tang & Jianyi Lin, 2021. "Decomposition of Water Footprint of Food Consumption in Typical East Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:409-:d:474785
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Willa Paterson & Richard Rushforth & Benjamin L. Ruddell & Megan Konar & Ikechukwu C. Ahams & Jorge Gironás & Ana Mijic & Alfonso Mejia, 2015. "Water Footprint of Cities: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-30, June.
    2. Ang, B.W., 2015. "LMDI decomposition approach: A guide for implementation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 233-238.
    3. Abhishek Chaudhary & David Gustafson & Alexander Mathys, 2018. "Multi-indicator sustainability assessment of global food systems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Jiefeng Kang & Jianyi Lin & Xiaofeng Zhao & Shengnan Zhao & Limin Kou, 2017. "Decomposition of the Urban Water Footprint of Food Consumption: A Case Study of Xiamen City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-14, January.
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    1. Guojing Li & Xinru Han & Qiyou Luo & Wenbo Zhu & Jing Zhao, 2021. "A Study on the Relationship between Income Change and the Water Footprint of Food Consumption in Urban China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.

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