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Life Cycle Assessment of Disposed and Recycled End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panels in Australia

Author

Listed:
  • Jasleen Kaur Daljit Singh

    (School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia)

  • Georgina Molinari

    (School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia)

  • Jonathan Bui

    (School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia)

  • Behdad Soltani

    (School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
    Mercularis Pty. Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia)

  • Gobinath Pillai Rajarathnam

    (School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
    Mercularis Pty. Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia)

  • Ali Abbas

    (School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia)

Abstract

This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of end-of-life (EoL) photovoltaic (PV) systems in Australia. Three different EoL scenarios are considered for 1 kWh of electricity generation across a 30-year PV system lifespan: (i) disposal to landfill, (ii) recycling by laminated glass recycling facility (LGRF), and (iii) recycling by full recovery of EoL photovoltaics (FRELP). It is found that recycling technologies reduce the overall impact score of the cradle-to-grave PV systems from 0.00706 to 0.00657 (for LGRF) and 0.00523 (for FRELP), as measured using the LCA ReCiPe endpoint single score. The CO 2 emissions to air decrease slightly from 0.059 kg CO 2 per kWh (landfill) to 0.054 kg CO 2 per kWh (for LGRF) and 0.046 kg CO 2 per kWh (for FRELP). Increasing the PV system lifespan from 30 years to 50 and 100 years (a hypothetical scenario) improves the ReCiPe endpoint single-score impact from 0.00706 to 0.00424 and 0.00212, respectively, with corresponding CO 2 emissions reductions from 0.059 kg CO 2 per kWh to 0.035 and 0.018 kg CO 2 per kWh, respectively. These results show that employing recycling slightly reduces the environmental impact of the EoL PV systems. It is, however, noted that recycling scenarios do not consider the recycling plant construction step due to a lack of data on these emerging PV panel recycling plants. Accounting for the latter will increase the environmental impact of the recycling scenarios, possibly defeating the purpose of recycling. Increasing the lifespan of the PV systems increases the longevity of the use of panel materials and is therefore favorable towards reducing environmental impacts. Our findings strongly suggest that PV recycling steps and technologies be carefully considered before implementation. More significantly, it is imperative to consider the circular design step up front, where PV systems are designed via circular economy principles such as utility and longevity and are rolled out through circular business models.

Suggested Citation

  • Jasleen Kaur Daljit Singh & Georgina Molinari & Jonathan Bui & Behdad Soltani & Gobinath Pillai Rajarathnam & Ali Abbas, 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of Disposed and Recycled End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panels in Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:11025-:d:650101
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Souza, Vanessa & Rodrigues Figueiredo, Adriano Marcos & Santos Bortolocci Espejo, Márcia Maria dos, 2024. "Challenges and strategies for managing end-of-life photovoltaic equipment in Brazil: Learning from international experience," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    2. Dimitris Drikakis & Talib Dbouk, 2022. "The Role of Computational Science in Wind and Solar Energy: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Alexander V. Klokov & Egor Yu. Loktionov & Yuri V. Loktionov & Vladimir A. Panchenko & Elizaveta S. Sharaborova, 2023. "A Mini-Review of Current Activities and Future Trends in Agrivoltaics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.

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