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Geographical Distribution and Modeling of the Impact of Women Driving Cars on the Sustainable Development of Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Najah Al-Garawi

    (Geography Department, College of Arts, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ismail Anil

    (Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Background: This work investigated attitudes and public perception regarding the impact of allowing women to drive on social, environmental, and economic aspects of the sustainable development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study includes the perspectives of both women and men towards the potential implications of this decree on society in general and women’s well-being in particular. Methods: The methodology consisted of an online survey that was conducted before and after the decree was activated in 2017, where 62,065 individuals participated from thirteen provinces of the KSA. Geographic information systems (GISs) and statistical methods were applied to the obtained datasets to examine the geographical distribution and modeling of the effect of women driving on sustainable development of the KSA. Results: The results show that the attitudes towards allowing women to drive are geographically and statistically diverse. The study revealed that the economic impact of women driving was the highest significance, especially in increasing employment opportunities for women and decreasing household travel expenses for women. Conclusion: Overall, 70.4% of respondents agreed that women driving will positively affect the sustainable development of the KSA in terms of social and economic impact. The study also revealed that geographic location is one of the dominating factors on the attitudes towards the social impact of women driving within 95% confidence interval. Additionally, participants strongly believe (with an agreement rate of 85.1%) that Saudi women driving will improve economic development and the female job market.

Suggested Citation

  • Najah Al-Garawi & Ismail Anil, 2021. "Geographical Distribution and Modeling of the Impact of Women Driving Cars on the Sustainable Development of Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9941-:d:629027
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jerònia Cubells & Oriol Marquet & Carme Miralles-Guasch, 2020. "Gender and Age Differences in Metropolitan Car Use. Recent Gender Gap Trends in Private Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Williams, Sarah & Qiu, Waishan & Al-awwad, Zeyad & Alfayez, Aljoharah, 2019. "Commuting for women in Saudi Arabia: Metro to driving - Options to support women employment," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 126-138.
    3. Manish Shirgaokar & Kelly Lanyi-Bennett, 2020. "I’ll have to drive there: How daily time constraints impact women’s car use differently than men’s," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 1365-1392, June.
    4. Najah Al-Garawi & Muhammad Abubakar Dalhat & Omer Aga, 2021. "Assessing the Road Traffic Crashes among Novice Female Drivers in Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-11, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gaydaa Al-Zohbi & Maura A. E. Pilotti, 2023. "Contradictions about Sustainability: A Case Study of College Students from Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.

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