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Developing Country-Specific Methane Emission Factors and Carbon Fluxes from Enteric Fermentation in South Korean Dairy Cattle Production

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  • Ridha Ibidhi

    (Department of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea)

  • Tae-Hoon Kim

    (Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea)

  • Rajaraman Bharanidharan

    (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Hyun-June Lee

    (Department of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea)

  • Yoo-Kyung Lee

    (National Institute of Animal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Korea)

  • Na-Yeon Kim

    (Asia Pacific Ruminant Institute, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do 17385, Korea)

  • Kyoung-Hoon Kim

    (Department of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea
    Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea)

Abstract

Dairy cattle farming contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through methane (CH 4 ) from enteric fermentation. To complement global efforts to mitigate climate change, there is a need for accurate estimations of GHG emissions using country-specific emission factors (EFs). The objective of this study was to develop national EFs for the estimation of CH 4 emissions from enteric fermentation in South Korean dairy cattle. Information on dairy cattle herd characteristics, diet, and management practices specific to South Korean dairy cattle farming was obtained. Enteric CH 4 EFs were estimated according to the 2019 refinement of the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) using the Tier 2 approach. Three animal subcategories were considered according to age: milking cows >2 years, 650 kg body weight (BW); heifers 1–2 years, 473 kg BW; and growing animals <1 year, 167 kg BW. The estimated enteric CH 4 EFs for milking cows, heifers, and growing animals, were 139, 83 and 33 kg/head/year, respectively. Currently, the Republic of Korea adopts the Tier 1 default enteric CH 4 EFs from the North America region for GHG inventory reporting. Compared with the generic Tier 1 default EF of 138 (kg CH 4 /head/year) proposed by the 2019 refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for high-milking cows, our suggested value for milking cows was very similar (139 kg CH 4 /head/year) and different to heifers and growing animals EFs. In addition, enteric CH 4 EFs were strongly correlated with the feed digestibility, level of milk production, and CH 4 conversion rate. The adoption of the newly developed EFs for dairy cattle in the next national GHG inventory would lead to a potential total GHG reduction from the South Korean dairy sector of 97,000 tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent per year (8%). The outcome of this study underscores the importance of obtaining country-specific EFs to estimate national enteric CH 4 emissions, which can further support the assessment of mitigation actions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ridha Ibidhi & Tae-Hoon Kim & Rajaraman Bharanidharan & Hyun-June Lee & Yoo-Kyung Lee & Na-Yeon Kim & Kyoung-Hoon Kim, 2021. "Developing Country-Specific Methane Emission Factors and Carbon Fluxes from Enteric Fermentation in South Korean Dairy Cattle Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-11, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:9133-:d:614756
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sungkyun Ha & Sungho Tae & Rakhyun Kim, 2019. "A Study on the Limitations of South Korea’s National Roadmap for Greenhouse Gas Reduction by 2030 and Suggestions for Improvement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-18, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rajeev Bhat & Jorgelina Di Pasquale & Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti & Tiago Teixeira da Silva Siqueira & Philip Shine & Michael D. Murphy, 2022. "Global Dairy Sector: Trends, Prospects, and Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-7, April.
    2. Mahfuzul Islam & Seon-Ho Kim & A-Rang Son & Sung-Sill Lee & Sang-Suk Lee, 2022. "Breed and Season-Specific Methane Conversion Factors Influence Methane Emission Factor for Enteric Methane of Dairy Steers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-9, June.

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