IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i9p3870-d355870.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Mobility: Empirical Evidence from the City of Santander (Spain)

Author

Listed:
  • Alfredo Aloi

    (E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
    Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Università Della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy)

  • Borja Alonso

    (Transport System Research Group (GIST), Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

  • Juan Benavente

    (Transport System Research Group (GIST), Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

  • Rubén Cordera

    (Research Group on Sustainable Mobility and Railways Engineering (SUM + Lab), Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

  • Eneko Echániz

    (Research Group on Sustainable Mobility and Railways Engineering (SUM + Lab), Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

  • Felipe González

    (Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Diego Portales, 8320000 Santiago, Chile)

  • Claudio Ladisa

    (E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
    Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Raquel Lezama-Romanelli

    (E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

  • Álvaro López-Parra

    (E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

  • Vittorio Mazzei

    (E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
    Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Università Della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy)

  • Lucía Perrucci

    (E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
    Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Darío Prieto-Quintana

    (E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

  • Andrés Rodríguez

    (Transport System Research Group (GIST), Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

  • Roberto Sañudo

    (Research Group on Sustainable Mobility and Railways Engineering (SUM + Lab), Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain)

Abstract

This article analyses the impact that the confinement measures or quarantine imposed in Spain on 15 March 2020 had on urban mobility in the northern city of Santander. Data have been collected from traffic counters, public transport ITS, and recordings from traffic control cameras and environmental sensors to make comparisons between journey flows and times before and during the confinement. This data has been used to re-estimate Origin-Destination trip matrices to obtain an initial diagnostic of how daily mobility has been reduced and how the modal distribution and journey purposes have changed. The impact on externalities such as NO 2 emissions and traffic accidents have also been quantified. The analysis revealed an overall mobility fall of 76%, being less important in the case of the private car. Public transport users dropped by up to 93%, NO 2 emissions were reduced by up to 60%, and traffic accidents were reduced by up to 67% in relative terms.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfredo Aloi & Borja Alonso & Juan Benavente & Rubén Cordera & Eneko Echániz & Felipe González & Claudio Ladisa & Raquel Lezama-Romanelli & Álvaro López-Parra & Vittorio Mazzei & Lucía Perrucci & Darí, 2020. "Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Mobility: Empirical Evidence from the City of Santander (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:9:p:3870-:d:355870
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/9/3870/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/9/3870/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alonso, Borja & Ibeas, Ángel & Musolino, Giuseppe & Rindone, Corrado & Vitetta, Antonino, 2019. "Effects of traffic control regulation on Network Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram: A statistical analysis of real data," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 136-151.
    2. Snowberg, Erik & Wolfers, Justin & Zitzewitz, Eric, 2013. "Prediction Markets for Economic Forecasting," Handbook of Economic Forecasting, in: G. Elliott & C. Granger & A. Timmermann (ed.), Handbook of Economic Forecasting, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 657-687, Elsevier.
    3. Viet-Phuong La & Thanh-Hang Pham & Manh-Toan Ho & Minh-Hoang Nguyen & Khanh-Linh P. Nguyen & Thu-Trang Vuong & Hong-Kong T. Nguyen & Trung Tran & Quy Khuc & Manh-Tung Ho & Quan-Hoang Vuong, 2020. "Policy Response, Social Media and Science Journalism for the Sustainability of the Public Health System Amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Vietnam Lessons," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-27, April.
    4. Luigi dell’Olio & Angel Ibeas & Francisco Ruisánchez, 2012. "Optimizing bus-size and headway in transit networks," Transportation, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 449-464, March.
    5. Ivanov, Dmitry, 2020. "Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Echaniz, Eneko & Rodríguez, Andrés & Cordera, Rubén & Benavente, Juan & Alonso, Borja & Sañudo, Roberto, 2021. "Behavioural changes in transport and future repercussions of the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 38-52.
    2. Fang, Da & Guo, Yan, 2022. "Flow of goods to the shock of COVID-19 and toll-free highway policy: Evidence from logistics data in China," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    3. Vuong, Quan-Hoang & Huyen, Nguyen Thanh Thanh & Pham, Thanh-Hang & Phuong, Luong Anh & Nguyen, Minh-Hoang, 2020. "Mapping the intellectual and conceptual structure of research on gender issues in the family business: A bibliometric review," OSF Preprints jgnrw, Center for Open Science.
    4. Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling & Nur Amiera binti Md Suhud & Pau Chung Leng & Lee Bak Yeo & Chin Tiong Cheng & Mohd Hamdan Haji Ahmad & Ak Mohd Rafiq Ak Matusin, 2021. "Factors Influencing Asia-Pacific Countries’ Success Level in Curbing COVID-19: A Review Using a Social–Ecological System (SES) Framework," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-27, February.
    5. Ling, Gabriel Hoh Teck & Suhud, Nur Amiera binti Md & Leng, Pau Chung & Yeo, Lee Bak & Cheng, Chin Tiong & Ahmad, Mohd Hamdan Haji & Matusin, AK Mohd Rafiq AK, 2021. "Factors Influencing Asia-Pacific Countries’ Success Level in Curbing COVID-19: A Review Using a Social–Ecological System (SES) Framework," SocArXiv b9f2w, Center for Open Science.
    6. Paola Panuccio, 2019. "Smart Planning: From City to Territorial System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-15, December.
    7. Paul, Ananna & Shukla, Nagesh & Trianni, Andrea, 2023. "Modelling supply chain sustainability challenges in the food processing sector amid the COVID-19 outbreak," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 87(PA).
    8. Nuria Huete-Alcocer & Miguel Ángel Valero-Tévar, 2021. "Impact of Information Sources on Promoting Tourism in a Rural Region: The Case of the Roman Villa of Noheda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-23, July.
    9. Papanagnou, Christos & Seiler, Andreas & Spanaki, Konstantina & Papadopoulos, Thanos & Bourlakis, Michael, 2022. "Data-driven digital transformation for emergency situations: The case of the UK retail sector," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    10. Hongqin Tang & Jianping Zhu & Nan Li & Weipeng Wu, 2024. "Impact of Enterprise Supply Chain Digitalization on Cost of Debt: A Four-Flows Perspective Analysis Using Explainable Machine Learning Methodology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-27, October.
    11. Chumasande Lalendle & Leila Goedhals-Gerber & Joubert van Eeden, 2021. "A Monitoring and Evaluation Sustainability Framework for Road Freight Transporters in South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-22, July.
    12. Wei Wu & Wanjing Ma & Kejun Long & Heping Zhou & Yi Zhang, 2016. "Designing Sustainable Public Transportation: Integrated Optimization of Bus Speed and Holding Time in a Connected Vehicle Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-15, November.
    13. Jae-Eun Lee & Seol-A Kwon, 2021. "A Study on the Public’s Crisis Management Efficacy and Anxiety in a Pandemic Situation—Focusing on the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, July.
    14. Ho, Manh-Toan, 2021. "Mindsponge: Some Remarks for Future Research Directions," OSF Preprints ce2y7, Center for Open Science.
    15. Tang, Lianhua & Li, Yantong & Bai, Danyu & Liu, Tao & Coelho, Leandro C., 2022. "Bi-objective optimization for a multi-period COVID-19 vaccination planning problem," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    16. Zhi, Bangdong & Wang, Xiaojun & Xu, Fangming, 2022. "Managing inventory financing in a volatile market: A novel data-driven copula model," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    17. Mikuláš Gangur & Miroslav Plevný, 2014. "Tools for Consumer Rights Protection in the Prediction of Electronic Virtual Market and Technological Changes," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 16(36), pages 578-578, May.
    18. Hiranya Dissanayake & D.B.P.H. Dissabandara & K.L.W. Perera & A.R. Ajward, 2023. "Bibliometric analysis on the Covid-19 impact on corporate sustainability," Journal of Financial Studies, Institute of Financial Studies, vol. 14(8), pages 57-71, June.
    19. Hai-Anh H. Dang & Cuong Viet Nguyen, 2024. "Agricultural Production as a Coping Strategy during the Covid-19 Pandemic? Evidence from Rural Viet Nam," Working Papers DP-2023-23, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
    20. Hai-Anh H. Dang & Long T. Giang & Minh N. N. Do, 2021. "Building on Vietnam’s Recent COVID-19 Success: A Job-Focused Analysis of Individual Assessments on Their Finance and the Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:9:p:3870-:d:355870. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.