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RETRACTED: Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China

Author

Listed:
  • Shijie Guo

    (School of Law, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
    Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UL, UK)

  • Guichang Liu

    (School of Law, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China)

  • Qi Zhang

    (Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Fang Zhao

    (Center for China Public Sector Economy Research, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
    Economics School, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

  • Guomin Ding

    (School of Law, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China)

Abstract

As a major measure of ecological environment protection, ecological migration addresses the conflict between humans and the ecological environment. The Urban Resettlement Model is a prevalent resettlement model used by the Chinese government to try to alleviate poverty brought about by the ecological environment by promoting migration. This study initially explored the mechanism of influencing the livelihoods of relocated households in the Urban Resettlement Model by analyzing questionnaire data obtained from farmers in the resettlement area of Nangqian County. The coarsened exact matching (CEM) model was used to control the influence of confounding factors in the observation data. Next, a disordered multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact and effect of the Urban Resettlement Model on the livelihoods of the relocated non-agricultural farmers and poor relocated households. The results show that the Urban Resettlement Model has a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For all relocated households, the presence of medical facilities exhibited a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For poor relocated households, convenient transportation facilities facilitated the pursuit of non-agricultural livelihoods such as migrant work. However, industrial support, employment support, or training had no statistically significant effects on all relocated households or poor relocated households. The number of family laborers and communication costs were significant promoting influences for all relocated households and poor relocated households to engage in part-time and non-agricultural livelihoods. There was a certain impact of relocation time on livelihood choice for the relocated farmers, but there was no significant impact for poor relocated households. Based on these findings, the following suggestions are proposed. Supporting industries should be provided and industrial transformation and upgrading efforts should be strengthened during the application of the Urban Resettlement Model to create job opportunities for relocated people. Additionally, enhanced construction of basic infrastructure, including transportation, medical care, and communication systems is required. The results of this work should facilitate the effective improvement of administration of the ecological resettlement environmental protection policy system.

Suggested Citation

  • Shijie Guo & Guichang Liu & Qi Zhang & Fang Zhao & Guomin Ding, 2020. "RETRACTED: Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:2084-:d:329990
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shijie Guo & Guomin Ding & Qian Zhao & Meini Jiang, 2017. "Bonus Point System for Refuse Classification and Sustainable Development: A Study in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Avato, Johanna & Koettl, Johannes & Sabates-Wheeler, Rachel, 2010. "Social Security Regimes, Global Estimates, and Good Practices: The Status of Social Protection for International Migrants," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 455-466, April.
    3. Ho, Daniel E. & Imai, Kosuke & King, Gary & Stuart, Elizabeth A., 2007. "Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 199-236, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xu, Hongzhang & Pittock, Jamie & Daniell, Katherine, 2022. "‘Sustainability of what, for whom? A critical analysis of Chinese development induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) programs," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    2. Shijie Guo & Guichang Liu & Qi Zhang & Fang Zhao & Guomin Ding, 2020. "RETRACTED: Guo et al. Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China. Sustainability 2020, 12 , 2084," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-1, December.
    3. Héctor Morales-Muñoz & Srijna Jha & Michelle Bonatti & Henryk Alff & Sabine Kurtenbach & Stefan Sieber, 2020. "Exploring Connections—Environmental Change, Food Security and Violence as Drivers of Migration—A Critical Review of Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-27, July.

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