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A Study on the Application of Successful Forest Greening Experience for Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Comparative Study of Two Koreas

Author

Listed:
  • Sam Un Oh

    (Division of Global Forestry, Department of Forest Policy and Economics, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), 57 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea)

  • Eun-Hee Kim

    (Division of Global Forestry, Department of Forest Policy and Economics, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), 57 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea)

  • Kyoung-Min Kim

    (Division of Global Forestry, Department of Forest Policy and Economics, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), 57 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea)

  • Myung-Kil Kim

    (Division of Global Forestry, Department of Forest Policy and Economics, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), 57 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea)

Abstract

This study examined the development, direction, and characteristics of the North Korean forest restoration policy when compared to similar restoration policies established in South Korea. The success factors of South Korea’s Forest Conservation and Afforestation Project were classified into four forest policy categories: (a) policy and system improvement, (b) evaluation and capacity building, (c) people’s participation encouragement, and (d) restoration foundation creation. Similarities in terms of these aspects were found when compared with the Forest Restoration Battle of North Korea. For policy and system improvement, South Korea established the 1st and 2nd Forest Conservation and Afforestation Plans and transferred the control of the Korea Forest Service to its Ministry of Home Affairs. Similarly, North Korea established a forest development plan and a command unit for the Forest Restoration Battle. For evaluation and capacity building, South Korea utilized a tree monitoring and forestry association. North Korea is obtaining these effects through both a socialist competition movement and agroforestry. Further, South Korea aimed to promote people’s participation through a nursery project, a tree planting movement, and a responsible afforestation system, whereas North Korea adopted agroforestry, a patriotic forest movement, and a responsible forest system. Finally, South Korea succeeded in replacing forest fuels with fossil fuels, clearing slash-and-burn fields, and performing erosion control. By comparison, North Korea is promoting the development of replacement fuels, such as ultra-high-grade anthracite coal and the formation of separate firewood forests. North Korea has revised its forest law to strengthen penalties for deforestation activities, such as anthropogenic forest fires, and replaced erosion control works with agroforestry, which allows for slope management. Among the four aspects, the largest difference was found for restoration foundation creation. Therefore, this area can provide a guideline for future inter-Korean forest cooperation.

Suggested Citation

  • Sam Un Oh & Eun-Hee Kim & Kyoung-Min Kim & Myung-Kil Kim, 2020. "A Study on the Application of Successful Forest Greening Experience for Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Comparative Study of Two Koreas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-19, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:20:p:8712-:d:432053
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaopei Wu & Can Yi & Wenwen Cui & Zhi Zhang & Chen Yan & Xiangcai Xie, 2023. "Analysis of Human Disturbance Features in Natural Reserves and Empirical Research on Their Restoration: A Case Study of the Huangchulin Nature Reserve in Fujian Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Min, Suyeon & Lee, Hansol & Son, Jeongeun & Park, Mi Sun, 2024. "Structural policy coordination for forest ecosystem services management in the legal accountability system," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).

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