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Preparation of Porous Biochars by the Co-Pyrolysis of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Hazelnut Shells and the Mechanism of the Nano-Zinc Oxide Composite and Cu(II) Adsorption Kinetics

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  • Xi Chen

    (School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
    Xi Chen and Ran Zhang are co-first authors about this work.)

  • Ran Zhang

    (School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
    Xi Chen and Ran Zhang are co-first authors about this work.)

  • Bing Zhao

    (School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China)

  • Guangjian Fan

    (School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China)

  • Haibo Li

    (School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China)

  • Xinyang Xu

    (School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China)

  • Mingchuan Zhang

    (School of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China)

Abstract

Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and hazelnut shells were selected for co-pyrolysis and chemically activated with K 2 CO 3 in a N 2 atmosphere. The biochar was then modified by photocatalysis. Hazelnut shells, as a solid waste, were selected as a carbon source additive because of its high cellulose content and similar structure to natural wood. Using hazelnut shells could increase the specific surface area, enhance the porosity, and improve the adsorption capacity of the biochar. Hazelnut shells could also reduce the content of heavy metals in the raw biochar materials, along with increasing the ecological security of biochar and contributing to its further development and utilization. FTIR was used to study the changes in the functional groups on the biochar surface. The layered porous structure of the biochar was observed by SEM. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity of the biochar was 42.28 mg/g after 24 h. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models effectively described Cu(II) adsorption.

Suggested Citation

  • Xi Chen & Ran Zhang & Bing Zhao & Guangjian Fan & Haibo Li & Xinyang Xu & Mingchuan Zhang, 2020. "Preparation of Porous Biochars by the Co-Pyrolysis of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Hazelnut Shells and the Mechanism of the Nano-Zinc Oxide Composite and Cu(II) Adsorption Kinetics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:20:p:8668-:d:431262
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cao, Yucheng & Pawłowski, Artur, 2012. "Sewage sludge-to-energy approaches based on anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis: Brief overview and energy efficiency assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 1657-1665.
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