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Wake Region Estimates of Artificial Reefs in Vietnam: Effects of Tropical Seawater Temperatures and Seasonal Water Flow Variation

Author

Listed:
  • Quynh Thi Ngoc Le

    (Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea)

  • Somi Jung

    (Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea)

  • Won-Bae Na

    (Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea)

Abstract

From the perspective of saving energy of marine species and creating feeding areas, the wake volume of an artificial reef (AR) should be considered as a parameter in any wake region estimation. Wake regions of AR modules (reef ball, cylinder reef, and cube reef) and sets were numerically estimated considering tropical seawater temperatures and water flow variation in Vietnamese coastal waters. In addition, we considered an efficiency index (i.e., total wake volume per reef volume) and wake volume diagram (i.e., wake volume dependency on water flow direction) to characterize wake volumes. From the results, first, it was found that the effect of temperature on the wake volumes was minor in comparison with the effect of flow direction. It was also found that the optimum installation angles were 30° (reef ball and its set), 30° (cylinder reef and its set), and 0° (cube and its set) along the major flow direction. Second, it was found that the cylinder reef and its set were attractive because they generated the maximum wake volumes, regardless of seawater temperature. Thus, the module and set showed better average efficiency indices (9.28 for module and 6.81 for set) than the other cases. We found that the wake volume was dominant in the efficiency index and, accordingly, wake volume diagrams are sufficient to indicate the dependence on flow direction.

Suggested Citation

  • Quynh Thi Ngoc Le & Somi Jung & Won-Bae Na, 2020. "Wake Region Estimates of Artificial Reefs in Vietnam: Effects of Tropical Seawater Temperatures and Seasonal Water Flow Variation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:15:p:6191-:d:392854
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dimitrios N. Androulakis & Costas G. Dounas & Andrew Clive Banks & Antonios N. Magoulas & Dionissios P. Margaris, 2020. "An Assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Tool to Aid the Design of the HCMR-Artificial-Reefs TM Diving Oasis in the Underwater Biotechnological Park of Crete," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-25, June.
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