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Optimum Turf Grass Irrigation Requirements and Corresponding Water- Energy-CO 2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas

Author

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  • Ripendra Awal

    (College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA)

  • Ali Fares

    (Office of Research, Innovation and Sponsored Programs, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA)

  • Hamideh Habibi

    (College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA)

Abstract

Harris County is one of the most populated counties in the United States. About 30% of domestic water use in the U.S. is for outdoor activities, especially landscape irrigation and gardening. Optimum landscape and garden irrigation contributes to substantial water and energy savings and a substantial reduction of CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, the objectives of this work are to (i) calculate site-specific turf grass irrigation water requirements across Harris County and (ii) calculate CO 2 emission reductions and water and energy savings across the county if optimum turf grass irrigation is adopted. The Irrigation Management System was used with site-specific soil hydrological data, turf crop water uptake parameters (root distribution and crop coefficient), and long-term daily rainfall and reference evapotranspiration to calculate irrigation water demand across Harris County. The Irrigation Management System outputs include irrigation requirements, runoff, and drainage below the root system. Savings in turf irrigation requirements and energy and their corresponding reduction in CO 2 emission were calculated. Irrigation water requirements decreased moving across the county from its north-west to its south-east corners. However, the opposite happened for the runoff and excess drainage below the rootzone. The main reason for this variability is the combined effect of rainfall, reference evapotranspiration, and soil types. Based on the result, if the average annual irrigation water use across the county is 25 mm higher than the optimum level, this will result in 10.45 million m 3 of water losses (equivalent water use for 30,561 single families), 4413 MWh excess energy use, and the emission of 2599 metric tons of CO 2 .

Suggested Citation

  • Ripendra Awal & Ali Fares & Hamideh Habibi, 2019. "Optimum Turf Grass Irrigation Requirements and Corresponding Water- Energy-CO 2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:1440-:d:212166
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    1. Gómez-Gardars, Emanuel Birkir & Rodríguez-Macias, Antonio & Tena-García, Jorge Luis & Fuentes-Cortés, Luis Fabián, 2022. "Assessment of the water–energy–carbon nexus in energy systems: A multi-objective approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).

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