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Bio-Inspired Synthetic Ivory as a Sustainable Material for Piano Keys

Author

Listed:
  • Dieter Fischer

    (Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Sarah C. Parks

    (Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Jochen Mannhart

    (Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

Abstract

Natural ivory is no longer readily or legally available, as it is obtained primarily from elephant tusks, which now enjoy international protection. Ivory, however, is the best material known for piano keys. We present a hydroxylapatite–gelatin biocomposite that is chemically identical to natural ivory but with functional properties optimized to replace it. As this biocomposite is fabricated from abundant materials in an environmentally friendly process and is furthermore biodegradable, it is a sustainable solution for piano keys with the ideal functional properties of natural ivory.

Suggested Citation

  • Dieter Fischer & Sarah C. Parks & Jochen Mannhart, 2019. "Bio-Inspired Synthetic Ivory as a Sustainable Material for Piano Keys," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:23:p:6538-:d:288853
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Frederick & ’t Sas-Rolfes, Michael, 2021. "Theoretical analysis of a simple permit system for selling synthetic wildlife goods," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).

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