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The Politics of Agricultural Development in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI)

Author

Listed:
  • Joost Jongerden

    (Rural Sociology Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Wouter Wolters

    (Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Youri Dijkxhoorn

    (Wageningen Economic Research, Prinses Beatrixlaan 582–528, 2595 BM Den Haag, The Netherlands)

  • Faik Gür

    (Department of International Relations, Özyeğin University, 34794 Çekmeköy/İstanbul, Turkey)

  • Murat Öztürk

    (Department of Economics, Kırklareli University, 39100 Merkez/Kırklareli, Turkey)

Abstract

From being a smallholder-based, food-producing country covering its basic needs, Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI) have become major importers of food. The sustainability of the agricultural sector has been systematically undermined by conflict, neglect, and mismanagement, as a result of which the capacity of its farmers to feed the population declined. Even though local policymakers, the international community, and the international organisations emphasise the potential of agriculture for food production, job creation, and income generation, they also tend to consider the current food system problematic because of an alleged low productivity that they relate to the existing smallholder system. For them, such system poses a lack of competences and skills of farmers, and a subsistence production orientation. This approach culminated in a policy-making process that offered land and water for capital investments, and thus neglecting the potentials and competencies of (small-scale) farmers. The concomitant neglect of the human dimension of agriculture, namely the family farm, is essentially the continuation of an economically and ecologically high-risk approach that may lead to a further decline of the sector’s ability to produce food for the local market.

Suggested Citation

  • Joost Jongerden & Wouter Wolters & Youri Dijkxhoorn & Faik Gür & Murat Öztürk, 2019. "The Politics of Agricultural Development in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:21:p:5874-:d:279360
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bill Park & Joost Jongerden & Francis Owtram & Akiko Yoshioka, 2017. "On the independence referendum in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and disputed territories in 2017," Kurdish Studies, Society of history and cultural studies, Hong Kong, vol. 5(2), pages 199-214, October.
    2. Lina Eklund & Abdulhakim Abdi & Mine Islar, 2017. "From Producers to Consumers: The Challenges and Opportunities of Agricultural Development in Iraqi Kurdistan," Land, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-14, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Katharina Lange, 2022. "The value of the homeland: Land in Duhok, Kurdistan‐Iraq, as territory, resource, and landscape," Economic Anthropology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(2), pages 270-283, June.

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