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Environmental Risk Assessment of Accidental Pollution Incidents in Drinking Water Source Areas: A Case Study of the Hongfeng Lake Watershed, China

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  • Pei Tian

    (Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
    College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Huaqing Wu

    (Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
    College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Tiantian Yang

    (School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA)

  • Wenjie Zhang

    (Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
    College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Faliang Jiang

    (Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
    College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Zhaoyi Zhang

    (Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
    College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Tieniu Wu

    (Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
    College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)

Abstract

Accidental pollution incidents have caused a major threat to water safety of drinking water sources. However, few studies have focused on quantitative risk assessment of pollution incidents in a watershed which contains drinking water sources. A coupling model consisting of the Seveso III Directive, SWAT, and MIKE21 models was constructed for risk assessment of sudden pollution incidents at the watershed scale. The potential hazard of risk sources (e.g., industrial enterprises), the vulnerability of risk receptors (e.g., drinking water intakes), and the environmental risk of different sub-regions of the watershed were evaluated by this model. In addition, a case study was applied in Hongfeng Lake watershed (HLW), where the Hongfeng Lake drinking water source is located. The results showed that about 68% of the industrial enterprises in the HLW were potentially hazardous according to the Seveso III Directive, including 5 high hazard enterprises, 13 medium hazard enterprises, and 37 low hazard enterprises, most of which were concentrated in the coal mining, chemical production, and building material industries. The HLW was divided into the Yangchang River watershed (YRW), the Maiweng River watershed (MRW1), the Maxian River watershed (MRW2), the Houliu River watershed (HRW), and the lake area by the hydrological characteristics, among which, the vulnerability index of YRW was the largest. Besides, it was essential to consider the vulnerability assessment of drinking water intakes when conducting an environmental risk assessment in the HLW. Regional environmental risk grade of YRW, MRW1, MRW2, HRW, and the lake area was high, medium, low, low, and none, respectively. The environmental risk assessment results showed good consistency with the pollution characteristics and spatial distribution of industrial enterprises in the HLW. Furthermore, the theory of a three-level prevention system for “risk sources–water body connection–water intakes” was proposed for environmental risk management in the HLW. Overall, the case study in the HLW indicated that the coupling model proposed in this study had a good compatibility for environmental risk assessment of sudden water pollution incidents in a watershed.

Suggested Citation

  • Pei Tian & Huaqing Wu & Tiantian Yang & Wenjie Zhang & Faliang Jiang & Zhaoyi Zhang & Tieniu Wu, 2019. "Environmental Risk Assessment of Accidental Pollution Incidents in Drinking Water Source Areas: A Case Study of the Hongfeng Lake Watershed, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-21, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:19:p:5403-:d:272110
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Hui Huang & Bowen Dong & Nailiang Wang & Zhijie Zhang & Yujun Wang & Jie Ren & Huiping Li & Zijie Xiao & Baiqin Zhou, 2022. "Revealing Risk Stress on the Lanzhou Section of the Yellow River from the Industries alongside It," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Zhiping Zhang & Fuqiang Xia & Degang Yang & Yaning Chen, 2022. "Discussion of an environmental depletion assessment method–A case study in Xinjiang, China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Fei He & Qiuying Lai & Jie Ma & Geng Wei & Weixin Li, 2023. "Design and Application of an Early Warning and Emergency Response System in the Transboundary Area of the Taihu Lake Basin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-20, January.

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