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Performance of an On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Using Reactive Filter Media and a Sequencing Batch Constructed Wetland

Author

Listed:
  • Rajabu Hamisi

    (Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science & Engineering, Division of Water and Environmental Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Agnieszka Renman

    (Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science & Engineering, Division of Water and Environmental Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Gunno Renman

    (Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science & Engineering, Division of Water and Environmental Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

Abstract

Many on-site wastewater treatment systems, such as soil treatment systems, are not sustainable in terms of purification efficiency, nutrient recycling potential, and economics. In this case study, a sequencing batch constructed wetland (SBCW) was designed and added after a package treatment plant (PTP) using reactive filter media for phosphorus (P) removal and recycling. The treatment performance of the entire system in the start-up phase and its possible applicability in rural areas were investigated. Raw and treated effluents were sampled during a period of 25 weeks and analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD 7 , and bacteria. Field measurements were made of wastewater flow, electrical conductivity, oxygen, and temperature. The entire system removed total-P and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) by 83% and 22%, respectively. High salt concentration and very low wastewater temperature were possible reasons for these unexpectedly low P and TIN removal efficiencies. In contrast, removal rates of bacteria ( Escherichia coli , enterococci) and organic matter (as BOD) were high, due to filtration in the alkaline medium Polonite ® (Ecofiltration Nordic AB, Stockholm, Sweden) and the fine sand used as SBCW substrate. High pH in effluent from the PTP was efficiently reduced to below pH 9 in the SBCW, meeting recommendations by environmental authorities in Sweden. We concluded that treating cold on-site wastewater can impair treatment performance and that technical measures are needed to improve SBCW performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Rajabu Hamisi & Agnieszka Renman & Gunno Renman, 2019. "Performance of an On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Using Reactive Filter Media and a Sequencing Batch Constructed Wetland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:11:p:3172-:d:237546
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    Cited by:

    1. Agnieszka Karczmarczyk & Agnieszka Bus & Anna Baryła, 2021. "Assessment of the Efficiency, Environmental and Economic Effects of Compact Type On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants—Results from Random Testing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.

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