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Erbium Salts as Non-Toxic Catalysts Compatible with Alternative Reaction Media

Author

Listed:
  • Manuela Oliverio

    (Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

  • Monica Nardi

    (Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Telematica San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Roma, Italy
    Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria Cubo 12C, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy)

  • Paola Costanzo

    (Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

  • Maria Luisa Di Gioia

    (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 Cosenza, Italy)

  • Antonio Procopio

    (Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

Abstract

Green catalysts must be non-toxic, easy to manage, able to be recovered and reused, active under alternative reaction conditions and cheap. Erbium salts meet all the previously listed characteristics and today they are emerging as a valuable catalytic solution to a number of organic transformations needing a Lewis acid catalyst in wet conditions or under alternative heating sources. This review aims to summarize the application of erbium salts in green organic transformations, with particular emphasis on their versatility under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. The erbium salts’ role in bifunctional catalysis is also presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuela Oliverio & Monica Nardi & Paola Costanzo & Maria Luisa Di Gioia & Antonio Procopio, 2018. "Erbium Salts as Non-Toxic Catalysts Compatible with Alternative Reaction Media," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:721-:d:134980
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