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Characteristics and Trends of Ambient Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides at Urban, Suburban, and Rural Sites from 2011 to 2017 in Shenzhen, China

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  • Dian Huang

    (College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Qinglan Li

    (Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Xiaoxue Wang

    (Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Guangxin Li

    (Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Liqun Sun

    (Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Bing He

    (Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China)

  • Li Zhang

    (Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China)

  • Chunsheng Zhang

    (Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China)

Abstract

The emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) decreased under China’s air quality control policies. However, concern remains regarding the response of ozone (O 3 ) in the metropolitan areas. The characteristics and trends of ambient O 3 and NO x in Shenzhen were investigated during the 2011–2017 period. Both the human population and vegetation are exposed to higher O 3 at suburban and rural sites than at the urban site. The O 3 weekend effect is significant ( p = 0.062) at the urban site, with O 3 levels 1.19 ppb higher on Sunday than on weekdays. Solar radiation, precipitation, and relative humidity are the most relevant meteorological factors that affect O 3 daily variations. Wind speed is the least relevant factor, but wind direction is related to the presence of high O 3 air concentrations. Both 1-h and 8-h O 3 exhibit an increase, opposite to the trend of NO x . A slight decline in O 3 occurs in autumn at less urbanized sites. The increase in O 3 is more prevalent and rapid in the winter at more urbanized sites. This can be due to the transport of increased O 3 from northern China, as well as a lowered O 3 titration effect with NO x reduction. O 3 increases fastest at the urban site, with an estimated rate of 4.3% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.96, 8.25) per year ( p < 0.05) for 8-h O 3 and 2.5% (95% CIs: −0.46, 6.12) per year ( p > 0.1) for 1-h O 3 , posing greater human health risks to areas with high population density.

Suggested Citation

  • Dian Huang & Qinglan Li & Xiaoxue Wang & Guangxin Li & Liqun Sun & Bing He & Li Zhang & Chunsheng Zhang, 2018. "Characteristics and Trends of Ambient Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides at Urban, Suburban, and Rural Sites from 2011 to 2017 in Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:12:p:4530-:d:186912
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Xiaozi & Heilig, Gerhard K. & Chen, Junmiao & Heino, Mikko, 2007. "Interactions between economic growth and environmental quality in Shenzhen, China's first special economic zone," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(3-4), pages 559-570, May.
    2. Li Wang & Yu Bai & Fengying Zhang & Wuyi Wang & Xiaojian Liu & Thomas Krafft, 2017. "Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ozone and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease Mortalities Due to Ozone in Shenzhen," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-13, April.
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    1. Miao Fu, 2022. "A Clustering Spatial Estimation of Marginal Economic Losses for Vegetation Due to the Emission of VOCs as a Precursor of Ozone," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Khairul Nizam Mohd Isa & Juliana Jalaludin & Saliza Mohd Elias & Norlen Mohamed & Jamal Hisham Hashim & Zailina Hashim, 2022. "Evaluation of the Relationship between Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) with Indoor PM 10 , PM 2.5 and NO 2 in Suburban and Urban Schools," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-12, April.

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