IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jresou/v9y2020i11p126-d435807.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Success Factors for Water Safety Plan Implementation in Small Drinking Water Supplies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Jo Herschan

    (Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK)

  • Bettina Rickert

    (German Environment Agency (UBA), Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany)

  • Theresa Mkandawire

    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malawi—The Polytechnic, Private Bag 303, Blantyre, Malawi)

  • Kenan Okurut

    (Department of Civil and Building Engineering, University of Kyambogo, Kyambogo Road, Kiwatule-Banda, Kampala, Uganda)

  • Richard King

    (Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK)

  • Susan J. Hughes

    (Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK)

  • Dan J. Lapworth

    (British Geological Survey, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK)

  • Katherine Pond

    (Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK)

Abstract

Water Safety Plan (WSP) implementation has the potential to greatly improve, commonly very challenging and resource limited, small drinking water supplies. Although slower than in urban or high-income settings, the uptake of WSPs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is accelerating. Understanding the factors which will make a WSP successful will further improve efficient uptake and assist with its long-term sustainability. Based on an extensive literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISM-A) methodology, 48 publications, including case studies and guidance documentation, formed the basis of this review. These were analysed using inductive and deductive coding methods to (i) identify the success factors applicable to WSP implementation in small drinking water supplies in LMICs and (ii) to investigate which factors are more or less critical depending on the geography and level of development of the implementing country. Key challenges identified during the review process were also noted. A comparison of these success factors was made with those identified from high-income and urban settings. The three most important success factors identified are the development of technical capacity, community engagement, and monitoring and verification. Factors specific to small drinking water supplies in LMICs include support from non-government organisations, integration into existing water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programs, simplicity, and community engagement. Certain factors, such as adaptability, the use of guidance documentation, international collaboration, the role of pilot studies, knowledge sharing, and stakeholder involvement are applicable to all WSP settings. Due to the specific challenges faced by small drinking water systems and the limited number of original research publications on this topic, this study highlights the need for further data collection and research focused on success factors in these settings. It is anticipated that the consideration of the success factors identified in this study will assist implementers in improving the uptake and long-term sustainability of WSPs in small drinking water supplies in low- and middle-income settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Jo Herschan & Bettina Rickert & Theresa Mkandawire & Kenan Okurut & Richard King & Susan J. Hughes & Dan J. Lapworth & Katherine Pond, 2020. "Success Factors for Water Safety Plan Implementation in Small Drinking Water Supplies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-18, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:9:y:2020:i:11:p:126-:d:435807
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/9/11/126/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/9/11/126/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Bain & Jamie Bartram & Mark Elliott & Robert Matthews & Lanakila McMahan & Rosalind Tung & Patty Chuang & Stephen Gundry, 2012. "A Summary Catalogue of Microbial Drinking Water Tests for Low and Medium Resource Settings," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Emily Kumpel & Caroline Delaire & Rachel Peletz & Joyce Kisiangani & Angella Rinehold & Jennifer De France & David Sutherland & Ranjiv Khush, 2018. "Measuring the Impacts of Water Safety Plans in the Asia-Pacific Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Christopher Kanyesigye & Sara J. Marks & Juliet Nakanjako & Frank Kansiime & Giuliana Ferrero, 2019. "Status of Water Safety Plan Development and Implementation in Uganda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-17, October.
    4. Dorian Tosi Robinson & Ariane Schertenleib & Bal Mukunda Kunwar & Rubika Shrestha & Madan Bhatta & Sara J. Marks, 2018. "Assessing the Impact of a Risk-Based Intervention on Piped Water Quality in Rural Communities: The Case of Mid-Western Nepal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-23, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Amel Alnaqbi & Muataz Al Hazza, 2023. "Utilizing Industry 4.0 to Overcome the Main Challenges Facing UAE to Achieve the (SDG6.b) Goal of the United Nation Sustainable Development," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(5), pages 98-107, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Richard King & Kenan Okurut & Jo Herschan & Dan J. Lapworth & Rosalind Malcolm & Rory Moses McKeown & Katherine Pond, 2020. "Does Training Improve Sanitary Inspection Answer Agreement between Inspectors? Quantitative Evidence from the Mukono District, Uganda," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Patrick Levallois & Cristina M. Villanueva, 2019. "Drinking Water Quality and Human Health: An Editorial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-4, February.
    3. D. Daniel & Arnt Diener & Jack van de Vossenberg & Madan Bhatta & Sara J. Marks, 2020. "Assessing Drinking Water Quality at the Point of Collection and within Household Storage Containers in the Hilly Rural Areas of Mid and Far-Western Nepal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Jonny Crocker & Jamie Bartram, 2014. "Comparison and Cost Analysis of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Requirements versus Practice in Seven Developing Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-14, July.
    5. Christopher Kanyesigye & Sara J. Marks & Juliet Nakanjako & Frank Kansiime & Giuliana Ferrero, 2019. "Status of Water Safety Plan Development and Implementation in Uganda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-17, October.
    6. Rafaella Oliveira Baracho & Nolan Ribeiro Bezerra & Paulo Sérgio Scalize, 2024. "Proposition and Application of a Conceptual Model for Risk Management in Rural Areas: Rural Basic Sanitation Safety Plan (RBSSP)," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-24, June.
    7. Francesca Rubino & Yahaira Corona & José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez & Charlotte Smith, 2018. "Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    8. Yan Tu & Kai Chen & Huayi Wang & Zongmin Li, 2020. "Regional Water Resources Security Evaluation Based on a Hybrid Fuzzy BWM-TOPSIS Method," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-24, July.
    9. D. Daniel & Josphine Gaicugi & Richard King & Sara J. Marks & Giuliana Ferrero, 2020. "Combining Sanitary Inspection and Water Quality Data in Western Uganda: Lessons Learned from a Field Trial of Original and Revised Sanitary Inspection Forms," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-16, December.
    10. Mustafa Sikder & Elena N. Naumova & Anthonia O. Ogudipe & Mateo Gomez & Daniele Lantagne, 2021. "Fecal Indicator Bacteria Data to Characterize Drinking Water Quality in Low-Resource Settings: Summary of Current Practices and Recommendations for Improving Validity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-19, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:9:y:2020:i:11:p:126-:d:435807. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.