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Urban Water Security Assessment Using an Integrated Metabolism Approach—Case Study of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India

Author

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  • Ruchira Ghosh

    (Research Associate, Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, UK)

  • Arun Kansal

    (Professor, Coca-Cola Department of Regional Water Studies, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, 110 070 New Delhi, India)

  • G Venkatesh

    (Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden)

Abstract

Water is a non substitutable resource and a social good, which governments must perforce provide to its citizens in the right quantity and quality. An integrated urban metabolism model is useful in understanding the status quo of an urban water and sanitation system. By defining and measuring the values of relevant hydrological performance indicators—deliverables of the model referred to—a thorough knowledge of the present performance and the gaps, which need to be plugged en route to a sustainable urban water infrastructure, can be obtained, as demonstrated in this paper. This then forms the bedrock for decision-making and policy formulation for change to be introduced top-down as well as advice, which would enable the much needed bottom-up support to policies. The authors have chosen Delhi as the case study city, but would like to point out that this application can be reproduced for any other town/city/region of the world. The water balance within the chosen system boundaries shows that the annual unutilized flows, amounting to 1443 million cubic meters, dominate the metabolic flows of water in Delhi, and the annual groundwater withdrawal, which exceeds 420 million cubic meters, is much greater than the recharge rate, resulting in a rapid depletion of the groundwater level. There is an urgent need thereby to improve the rate of infiltration of stormwater and reduce the rate of runoff by focusing on increasing the share of permeable surfaces in the city, as well as to consider the wastewater streams as potential sources of water, while not forgetting demand side of management measures, as the pressure on the urban water system in the city is likely to intensify with a combination of population growth, economic development, and climate change in the near future. The recommendations provided by the authors towards the end of the article, can, if suitable measures are undertaken and robust policies are implemented, result in Delhi’s enjoying a water surplus in the short term, and progressively attain complete sustainability with regard to the utilization of its water resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruchira Ghosh & Arun Kansal & G Venkatesh, 2019. "Urban Water Security Assessment Using an Integrated Metabolism Approach—Case Study of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India," Resources, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:62-:d:219670
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ministry of Finance,, 2015. "Economic Survey 2014-15," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199460182.
    2. Steven Kenway & Alan Gregory & Joseph McMahon, 2011. "Urban Water Mass Balance Analysis," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 15(5), pages 693-706, October.
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