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Spatial Planning of the Coastal Marine Socioecological System—Case Study: Punta Carnero, Ecuador

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  • Jenny Escandón-Panchana

    (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil, Av. Raúl Gómez Lince y Av. Juan Tanca Marengo, Guayaquil 090150, Ecuador)

  • Rafael Elao Vallejo

    (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil, Av. Raúl Gómez Lince y Av. Juan Tanca Marengo, Guayaquil 090150, Ecuador)

  • Paulo Escandón-Panchana

    (Geo-Recursos y Aplicaciones GIGA, Campus Gustavo Galindo, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador)

  • Andrés Velastegui-Montoya

    (Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra (FICT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
    Centro de Investigaciones y Proyectos Aplicados a las Ciencias de la Tierra (CIPAT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
    Geoscience Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil)

  • Gricelda Herrera-Franco

    (Geo-Recursos y Aplicaciones GIGA, Campus Gustavo Galindo, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador
    Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena (UPSE), Avda. Principal La Libertad-Santa Elena, La Libertad 240204, Ecuador)

Abstract

Marine-coastal ecosystems are productive and valuable habitats worldwide due to their significant contributions to human wellbeing. However, human activities, limited territorial planning, and unsustainable demand and consumption of natural goods and services put pressure on marine-coastal ecosystems. In this sense, marine-coastal planning is a management tool to contrast these forces because it manages different human activities on the coast and in the oceans over space and time, strengthening political, social, and tourist development and the economy of the territory. Our objective is to propose marine-coastal spatial planning strategies through an ecosystem-based approach for allocating a mangrove and estuarine zone conservation area. The study methodology is: (i) Compilation of information from the study area with an emphasis on regulations and protected areas. (ii) Analysis of human relations with marine-coastal ecosystems. (iii) Mapping and zoning of the conservation area. (iv) Analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and threats, weaknesses, opportunities, strengths (SWOT–TWOS) matrix to recommend strategies and guarantee the viability of marine-coastal protection. The results show zoning maps of the sector proposed as a conservation area comprising mangroves and an estuarine zone. It also approaches governance strategies or conservation management measures and protection of the marine-coastal space. Finally, as a recommendation, we propose improvements to the current municipal ordinances, guaranteeing the management and protection of the study area, and furthering achievements in the comprehensive development of land-use planning.

Suggested Citation

  • Jenny Escandón-Panchana & Rafael Elao Vallejo & Paulo Escandón-Panchana & Andrés Velastegui-Montoya & Gricelda Herrera-Franco, 2022. "Spatial Planning of the Coastal Marine Socioecological System—Case Study: Punta Carnero, Ecuador," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:11:y:2022:i:8:p:74-:d:879814
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robin Gutting & Ralf-Uwe Syrbe & Karsten Grunewald & Ulf Mehlig & Véronique Helfer & Martin Zimmer, 2021. "The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Halpern, Benjamin S. & Diamond, Jordan & Gaines, Steve & Gelcich, Stefan & Gleason, Mary & Jennings, Simon & Lester, Sarah & Mace, Amber & McCook, Laurence & McLeod, Karen & Napoli, Nicholas & Rawson,, 2012. "Near-term priorities for the science, policy and practice of Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP)," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 198-205, January.
    3. Zamboni, Nadia Selene & Noleto Filho, Eurico Mesquita & Carvalho, Adriana Rosa, 2021. "Unfolding differences in the distribution of coastal marine ecosystem services values among developed and developing countries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    4. Chakraborty, Shamik & Gasparatos, Alexandros & Blasiak, Robert, 2020. "Multiple values for the management and sustainable use of coastal and marine ecosystem services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    5. Douvere, Fanny, 2008. "The importance of marine spatial planning in advancing ecosystem-based sea use management," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 762-771, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yael Shaked Mandelberg & Ziv Zemah-Shamir & Inbar Schwartz Belkin & Steve Brenner & Shiri Zemah-Shamir, 2025. "Marine Zoning: A Two-Decade Bibliographic Analysis—A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-31, February.
    2. Clara Cordon & Beatriz Carmena & Martín C. Giménez & José L. García & Carlos Calderon-Guerrero, 2023. "Evolution of Ecotourism in Coastal Indigenous Communities: Comparison of the Case Studies of La Ventanilla and La Escobilla in Oaxaca, Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.

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