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Potential Benefits and Constraints of Development of Critical Raw Materials’ Production in the EU: Analysis of Selected Case Studies

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  • Katarzyna Guzik

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Galos

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

  • Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

  • Toni Eerola

    (GTK Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, 02151 Espoo, Finland)

  • Pasi Eilu

    (GTK Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, 02151 Espoo, Finland)

  • Jorge Carvalho

    (Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), Ap.7586, 2720-866 Amadora, Portugal)

  • Francisco Javier Fernandez-Naranjo

    (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Calle de Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ronald Arvidsson

    (SGU Geological Survey of Sweden, P.O. Box 670, SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Nikolaos Arvanitidis

    (SGU Geological Survey of Sweden, P.O. Box 670, SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden)

  • Agnes Raaness

    (NGU Geological Survey of Norway, Postboks 6315 Torgarden, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway)

Abstract

Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Guzik & Krzysztof Galos & Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska & Toni Eerola & Pasi Eilu & Jorge Carvalho & Francisco Javier Fernandez-Naranjo & Ronald Arvidsson & Nikolaos Arvanitidis & Agnes Raaness, 2021. "Potential Benefits and Constraints of Development of Critical Raw Materials’ Production in the EU: Analysis of Selected Case Studies," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-36, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:67-:d:583914
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jane Korinek, 2019. "Trade restrictions on minerals and metals," Mineral Economics, Springer;Raw Materials Group (RMG);Luleå University of Technology, vol. 32(2), pages 171-185, July.
    2. Matebesi, Sethulego & Marais, Lochner, 2018. "Social licensing and mining in South Africa: Reflections from community protests at a mining site," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 371-378.
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    1. Eerola, Toni, 2022. "Corporate conduct, commodity and place: Ongoing mining and mineral exploration disputes in Finland and their implications for the social license to operate," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    2. Toni Eerola, 2022. "Territories of Contention: The Importance of Project Location in Mining-Related Disputes in Finland from the Geosystem Services Perspective," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, November.

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