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Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Land Reclamation in the Indonesian Coal Mining Industry

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  • Imam Eko Setiawan

    (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 468-1-505, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Miyagi, Sendai City 980-0845, Japan)

  • Zhengyang Zhang

    (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 468-1-505, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Miyagi, Sendai City 980-0845, Japan)

  • Glen Corder

    (Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia)

  • Kazuyo Matsubae

    (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 468-1-505, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Miyagi, Sendai City 980-0845, Japan)

Abstract

While the successful reclamation of coal post-mining land sites in Indonesia has been evaluated, no cost-benefit analysis has been carried out on the reclamation of mined land, and the impact of the reclamation work has not been determined. The results of this case study indicate that reclamation work is not an emission-free process, but that the benefits delivered from this work are considerable. It was found that the emissions involved at the coal mined reclamation in Indonesia were 25.4–26.6 t-CO 2 /ha, with topsoil management and land preparation contributing over 98% of the total emissions (9.5 t-CO 2 /ha and 16 t-CO 2 /ha, respectively). The ability of the trees on the reclaimed land to absorb CO 2 emissions was calculated to be 26.4 t-CO 2 /ha, with the amount of oxygen produced calculated to be as much as 143 t-O 2 /ha of oxygen. The economic value of the ecosystem services delivered by reclamation was over USD 27,750/ha. This is higher than the USD 8642–9417/ha cost of establishing the reclamation work. Improvements to reclamation work could be designed mining and reclamation plans with attention paid to reducing fuel consumption, and therefore, reducing CO 2 emissions. Furthermore, law enforcement and transparency, human resource development, and community participation are strongly required.

Suggested Citation

  • Imam Eko Setiawan & Zhengyang Zhang & Glen Corder & Kazuyo Matsubae, 2021. "Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Land Reclamation in the Indonesian Coal Mining Industry," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:60-:d:570482
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roshan Sharma & Bhagawat Rimal & Himlal Baral & Udo Nehren & Kiran Paudyal & Sunil Sharma & Sushila Rijal & Surendra Ranpal & Ram Prasad Acharya & Amer A. Alenazy & Prashid Kandel, 2019. "Impact of Land Cover Change on Ecosystem Services in a Tropical Forested Landscape," Resources, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Haibin, Liu & Zhenling, Liu, 2010. "Recycling utilization patterns of coal mining waste in China," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(12), pages 1331-1340.
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    Cited by:

    1. Walter Timo de Vries & Iwan Rudiarto, 2023. "Testing and Enhancing the 8R Framework of Responsible Land Management with Documented Strategies and Effects of Land Reclamation Projects in Indonesia," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, January.

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