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Electrocoagulation Sludge Valorization—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Kyösti Rajaniemi

    (Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland)

  • Sari Tuomikoski

    (Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland)

  • Ulla Lassi

    (Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland)

Abstract

In the field of electrocoagulation (EC), various studies on pollutant removal and on the use of different EC technologies have already been made. An EC process generates sludge, which is considered waste, resulting in increased operational costs that come from waste disposal. Sludge contains valuable materials, such as the nutrients or metals removed during water purification, along with metals, such as aluminum or iron, which come from the electrodes used in an EC system. Based on the principles of circular economy or based on existing legislations, reducing the production of valuable wastes, and increasing the valorization rate of as many materials as possible are important endeavors. This study is mainly a review of the existing sludge valorization studies. This review highlights the valorization of sludge as a fertilizer (mainly as struvite), pigment, construction material (mainly as blocks), adsorbent, and catalyst. While it has already been found that EC sludge is valorizable, more studies on EC sludge valorization and on the quality of sludge produced from the effluent of EC processes are warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyösti Rajaniemi & Sari Tuomikoski & Ulla Lassi, 2021. "Electrocoagulation Sludge Valorization—A Review," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:10:y:2021:i:12:p:127-:d:701724
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nuno S. Graça & Alírio E. Rodrigues, 2022. "The Combined Implementation of Electrocoagulation and Adsorption Processes for the Treatment of Wastewaters," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-34, October.
    2. Khalid Ansari & Avinash Shrikhande & Mohammad Abdul Malik & Ahmad Aziz Alahmadi & Mamdooh Alwetaishi & Ali Nasser Alzaed & Ahmed Elbeltagi, 2022. "Optimization and Operational Analysis of Domestic Greywater Treatment by Electrocoagulation Filtration Using Response Surface Methodology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-18, November.

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