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Transferable Utility Cooperative Differential Games with Continuous Updating Using Pontryagin Maximum Principle

Author

Listed:
  • Jiangjing Zhou

    (School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)

  • Anna Tur

    (St. Petersburg State University, 7/9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia)

  • Ovanes Petrosian

    (School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
    Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 35, Petergof, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia)

  • Hongwei Gao

    (School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract

We consider a class of cooperative differential games with continuous updating making use of the Pontryagin maximum principle. It is assumed that at each moment, players have or use information about the game structure defined in a closed time interval of a fixed duration. Over time, information about the game structure will be updated. The subject of the current paper is to construct players’ cooperative strategies, their cooperative trajectory, the characteristic function, and the cooperative solution for this class of differential games with continuous updating, particularly by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle as the optimality conditions. In order to demonstrate this method’s novelty, we propose to compare cooperative strategies, trajectories, characteristic functions, and corresponding Shapley values for a classic (initial) differential game and a differential game with continuous updating. Our approach provides a means of more profound modeling of conflict controlled processes. In a particular example, we demonstrate that players’ behavior is braver at the beginning of the game with continuous updating because they lack the information for the whole game, and they are “intrinsically time-inconsistent”. In contrast, in the initial model, the players are more cautious, which implies they dare not emit too much pollution at first.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiangjing Zhou & Anna Tur & Ovanes Petrosian & Hongwei Gao, 2021. "Transferable Utility Cooperative Differential Games with Continuous Updating Using Pontryagin Maximum Principle," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-22, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:2:p:163-:d:480224
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. D. A. Carlson & G. Leitmann, 2004. "An Extension of the Coordinate Transformation Method for Open-Loop Nash Equilibria," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 123(1), pages 27-47, October.
    2. Ovanes Petrosian & Andrey Barabanov, 2017. "Looking Forward Approach in Cooperative Differential Games with Uncertain Stochastic Dynamics," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 172(1), pages 328-347, January.
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